Question 1

Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include

Accepted Answer

A)  anuria. 
B)  proteinuria. 
C)  red blood cell casts in the urine. 
D)  foul-smelling urine. 
A)  anuria. 
B)  proteinuria. 
C)  red blood cell casts in the urine. 
D)  foul-smelling urine. B

Question 2

The primary risk factors for renal cell carcinoma include

Accepted Answer

A)  genetics. 
B)  cigarette smoking. 
C)  obesity. 
D)  hypertension. 
E)  nulliparous women. 
A)  genetics. 
B)  cigarette smoking. 
C)  obesity. 
D)  hypertension. 
E)  nulliparous women. B, C, D

Question 3

The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurrence is the

Accepted Answer

A)  woman who is paraplegic. 
B)  woman who is pregnant. 
C)  man who has glomerulonephritis. 
D)  man who has chronic urinary tract infections. 
A)  woman who is paraplegic. 
B)  woman who is pregnant. 
C)  man who has glomerulonephritis. 
D)  man who has chronic urinary tract infections. D

Question 4

The physiology that explains the intermittent nature of pain caused by a kidney stone is that

Accepted Answer

A)  ureters use peristalsis and gravity to move urine. 
B)  ureters insert into the bladder at an angle. 
C)  in men, the prostate gland surrounds the urethra. 
D)  in men, the urethra is longer than in women. 
A)  ureters use peristalsis and gravity to move urine. 
B)  ureters insert into the bladder at an angle. 
C)  in men, the prostate gland surrounds the urethra. 
D)  in men, the urethra is longer than in women.

Question 5

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus. 
B)  Escherichia coli. 
C)  Klebsiella. 
D)  Enterobacter. 
A)  Streptococcus. 
B)  Escherichia coli. 
C)  Klebsiella. 
D)  Enterobacter.

Question 6

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is

Accepted Answer

A)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
B)  polycystic kidney disease. 
C)  cystitis. 
D)  renal insufficiency. 
A)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
B)  polycystic kidney disease. 
C)  cystitis. 
D)  renal insufficiency.

Question 7

The most common type of renal stone is

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  struvite. 
D)  cysteine. 
A)  uric acid. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  struvite. 
D)  cysteine.

Question 8

One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is

Accepted Answer

A)  clot. 
B)  pelvic tumor. 
C)  neurogenic bladder. 
D)  papillary necrosis. 
A)  clot. 
B)  pelvic tumor. 
C)  neurogenic bladder. 
D)  papillary necrosis.

Question 9

The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is

Accepted Answer

A)  pneumonia. 
B)  throat infection. 
C)  endocarditis. 
D)  urinary tract infection. 
A)  pneumonia. 
B)  throat infection. 
C)  endocarditis. 
D)  urinary tract infection.

Question 10

The manifestations of acute pyelonephritis

Accepted Answer

A)  are mild and insidious. 
B)  can result in dehydration. 
C)  often include symptoms of lower urinary tract infection. 
D)  include fever, chills, and costovertebral angle tenderness. 
E)  may include urosepsis. 
A)  are mild and insidious. 
B)  can result in dehydration. 
C)  often include symptoms of lower urinary tract infection. 
D)  include fever, chills, and costovertebral angle tenderness. 
E)  may include urosepsis.

Question 11

The major cause of glomerulonephritis is

Accepted Answer

A)  infection of the glomerular capsule secondary to a urinary tract infection. 
B)  immune system damage to the glomeruli. 
C)  hydronephrosis resulting from kidney stones. 
D)  Streptococcus infection that migrates from the bloodstream to the glomerulus. 
A)  infection of the glomerular capsule secondary to a urinary tract infection. 
B)  immune system damage to the glomeruli. 
C)  hydronephrosis resulting from kidney stones. 
D)  Streptococcus infection that migrates from the bloodstream to the glomerulus.

Question 12

Scrotal pain in males and labial pain in females may accompany renal pain due to

Accepted Answer

A)  associated infections. 
B)  associated dermatomes. 
C)  muscle tension. 
D)  anxiety. 
A)  associated infections. 
B)  associated dermatomes. 
C)  muscle tension. 
D)  anxiety.

Question 13

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney stone formation. 
B)  hydronephrosis. 
C)  dilation of the urethra. 
D)  anuria. 
A)  kidney stone formation. 
B)  hydronephrosis. 
C)  dilation of the urethra. 
D)  anuria.

Question 14

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria in the urine. 
B)  intermittent urinary colic. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  red blood cell casts in the urine. 
A)  bacteria in the urine. 
B)  intermittent urinary colic. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  red blood cell casts in the urine.

Question 15

The urea-splitting bacteria (Proteus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas)contribute to the formation of ________ kidney stones.

Accepted Answer

A)  struvite 
B)  calcium oxalate 
C)  uric acid 
D)  cystine 
A)  struvite 
B)  calcium oxalate 
C)  uric acid 
D)  cystine

Question 16

Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ________ in the urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood 
B)  sodium 
C)  glucose 
D)  protein 
A)  blood 
B)  sodium 
C)  glucose 
D)  protein

Question 17

When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, "What causes my urine to be so full of protein," the nurse's response is based on the knowledge that

Accepted Answer

A)  his glomeruli have been damaged by his own immune system. 
B)  the glomerular membrane has increased permeability. 
C)  his liver is extremely active in synthesizing protein. 
D)  his renal tubules are full of cellular debris. 
A)  his glomeruli have been damaged by his own immune system. 
B)  the glomerular membrane has increased permeability. 
C)  his liver is extremely active in synthesizing protein. 
D)  his renal tubules are full of cellular debris.

Question 18

In addition to E.coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is

Accepted Answer

A)  urinary retention and reflux. 
B)  nephrotic syndrome. 
C)  respiratory disease. 
D)  glomerulonephritis. 
A)  urinary retention and reflux. 
B)  nephrotic syndrome. 
C)  respiratory disease. 
D)  glomerulonephritis.

Question 19

Which condition is caused by a genetic defect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute pyelonephritis 
B)  Hydroureter 
C)  Incontinence 
D)  Polycystic kidney disease 
A)  Acute pyelonephritis 
B)  Hydroureter 
C)  Incontinence 
D)  Polycystic kidney disease

Question 20

Risk factors for renal carcinoma include

Accepted Answer

A)  genetics. 
B)  hypotension. 
C)  cigarette smoking. 
D)  obesity. 
E)  chemicals. 
A)  genetics. 
B)  hypotension. 
C)  cigarette smoking. 
D)  obesity. 
E)  chemicals.

Exam 27: Intrarenal Disorders

Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include

The primary risk factors for renal cell carcinoma include

The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurrence is the

The physiology that explains the intermittent nature of pain caused by a kidney stone is that

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is

The most common type of renal stone is

One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is

The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is

The manifestations of acute pyelonephritis

The major cause of glomerulonephritis is

Scrotal pain in males and labial pain in females may accompany renal pain due to

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include

The urea-splitting bacteria (Proteus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas)contribute to the formation of ________ kidney stones.

Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ________ in the urine.

When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, "What causes my urine to be so full of protein," the nurse's response is based on the knowledge that

In addition to E.coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is

Which condition is caused by a genetic defect?

Risk factors for renal carcinoma include

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and AIDS

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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