Question 1

Bacteria cause injury to cells by

Accepted Answer

A)  producing exotoxins. 
B)  producing endotoxins. 
C)  producing destructive enzymes. 
D)  reproducing inside of host cells altering cellular function. 
E)  evoking an immune reaction. 
A)  producing exotoxins. 
B)  producing endotoxins. 
C)  producing destructive enzymes. 
D)  reproducing inside of host cells altering cellular function. 
E)  evoking an immune reaction. A, B, C, E

Question 2

Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  coagulative 
B)  caseous 
C)  liquefactive 
D)  fat 
A)  coagulative 
B)  caseous 
C)  liquefactive 
D)  fat C

Question 3

Somatic death refers to death

Accepted Answer

A)  of a body organ. 
B)  of the entire organism. 
C)  of nerve cells. 
D)  secondary to brain damage. 
A)  of a body organ. 
B)  of the entire organism. 
C)  of nerve cells. 
D)  secondary to brain damage. B

Question 4

Coagulative necrosis is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  dissolving of dead cells and cyst formation. 
B)  trauma or pancreatitis. 
C)  lung tissue damage. 
D)  interrupted blood supply. 
A)  dissolving of dead cells and cyst formation. 
B)  trauma or pancreatitis. 
C)  lung tissue damage. 
D)  interrupted blood supply.

Question 5

The cellular response indicative of injury due to faulty metabolism is

Accepted Answer

A)  hydropic swelling. 
B)  lactate production. 
C)  metaplasia. 
D)  intracellular accumulations. 
A)  hydropic swelling. 
B)  lactate production. 
C)  metaplasia. 
D)  intracellular accumulations.

Question 6

Infectious injury often results from

Accepted Answer

A)  exotoxins. 
B)  endotoxins. 
C)  self-destruction of cells. 
D)  anti-inflammatory reactions. 
E)  enzymes from white blood cells. 
A)  exotoxins. 
B)  endotoxins. 
C)  self-destruction of cells. 
D)  anti-inflammatory reactions. 
E)  enzymes from white blood cells.

Question 7

The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  ribosomes. 
A)  membrane. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  ribosomes.

Question 8

Viruses differ from most bacteria in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  enter the host cell. 
B)  directly produce free radicals. 
C)  use the host's metabolic processes to survive and replicate. 
D)  do not induce an immune response. 
E)  do not produce toxins. 
A)  enter the host cell. 
B)  directly produce free radicals. 
C)  use the host's metabolic processes to survive and replicate. 
D)  do not induce an immune response. 
E)  do not produce toxins.

Question 9

Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular

Accepted Answer

A)  atrophy. 
B)  death. 
C)  proliferation. 
D)  mutation. 
A)  atrophy. 
B)  death. 
C)  proliferation. 
D)  mutation.

Question 10

Extreme cold injures cells by all the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  ischemic injury from vasoconstriction. 
B)  peripheral nerve damage from rebound vasodilation. 
C)  decreased blood viscosity. 
D)  crystallization of cellular components. 
A)  ischemic injury from vasoconstriction. 
B)  peripheral nerve damage from rebound vasodilation. 
C)  decreased blood viscosity. 
D)  crystallization of cellular components.

Question 11

The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is

Accepted Answer

A)  anaplasia. 
B)  dysplasia. 
C)  metaplasia. 
D)  hyperplasia. 
A)  anaplasia. 
B)  dysplasia. 
C)  metaplasia. 
D)  hyperplasia.

Question 12

Reperfusion injury to cells

Accepted Answer

A)  results in very little cellular damage. 
B)  results from calcium deficiency in cells. 
C)  occurs following nutritional injury. 
D)  involves formation of free radicals. 
A)  results in very little cellular damage. 
B)  results from calcium deficiency in cells. 
C)  occurs following nutritional injury. 
D)  involves formation of free radicals.

Question 13

Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is

Accepted Answer

A)  the body can generally produce elements essential for nutritional balance. 
B)  obese individuals are generally nutritionally healthy. 
C)  deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types. 
D)  a normal BMI indicates nutritional health. 
A)  the body can generally produce elements essential for nutritional balance. 
B)  obese individuals are generally nutritionally healthy. 
C)  deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types. 
D)  a normal BMI indicates nutritional health.

Question 14

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except

Accepted Answer

A)  necrosis. 
B)  metaplasia. 
C)  atrophy. 
D)  hyperplasia. 
A)  necrosis. 
B)  metaplasia. 
C)  atrophy. 
D)  hyperplasia.

Question 15

Carbon monoxide injures cells by

Accepted Answer

A)  destruction of cellular membranes. 
B)  reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin. 
C)  promotion of free radicals. 
D)  crystallization of cellular organelles. 
A)  destruction of cellular membranes. 
B)  reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin. 
C)  promotion of free radicals. 
D)  crystallization of cellular organelles.

Question 16

Metaplasia is

Accepted Answer

A)  the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another. 
B)  the transformation of a cell type to malignancy. 
C)  an irreversible cellular adaptation. 
D)  the disorganization of cells into various sizes, shapes, and arrangements. 
A)  the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another. 
B)  the transformation of a cell type to malignancy. 
C)  an irreversible cellular adaptation. 
D)  the disorganization of cells into various sizes, shapes, and arrangements.

Question 17

The primary effect of aging on all body systems is

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased functional reserve. 
B)  diseased function. 
C)  programmed senescence. 
D)  senility. 
A)  decreased functional reserve. 
B)  diseased function. 
C)  programmed senescence. 
D)  senility.

Question 18

An increase in organ size and function due to increased workload is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  atrophy. 
B)  hypertrophy. 
C)  metaplasia 
D)  inflammation. 
A)  atrophy. 
B)  hypertrophy. 
C)  metaplasia 
D)  inflammation.

Exam 4: Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Bacteria cause injury to cells by

Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis.

Somatic death refers to death

Coagulative necrosis is caused by

The cellular response indicative of injury due to faulty metabolism is

Infectious injury often results from

The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the

Viruses differ from most bacteria in that they

Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular

Extreme cold injures cells by all the following except

The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is

Reperfusion injury to cells

Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except

Carbon monoxide injures cells by

Metaplasia is

The primary effect of aging on all body systems is

An increase in organ size and function due to increased workload is termed

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and AIDS

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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