Exam 20: Collective Behavior,Social Movements,and Social Change

A(n) __________ is a highly emotional crowd whose members engage in,or are ready to engage in,violence against a specific target-a person,a category of people,or physical property.

According to sociologist Robert Park,social unrest is transmitted by a process of __________-the interactive communication between persons such that the discontent of one person is communicated to another who,in turn,reflects the discontent back to the first person.

Define and summarize the conditions of the value-added theory.

Sociologists distinguish among movements on the basis of their goals and the amount of change they seek to produce.Some movements seek to change people whereas others seek to change society.

A __________ is a relatively large number of people who are in one another's immediate vicinity.

Describe the key assumptions of the resource mobilization theory.

A classic example of mass hysteria with a widely dispersed audience was the audience reaction to actor Orson Welles's 1938 radio dramatization of H.G.Wells's science fiction classic "The War of the Worlds."

__________ crowds are relatively large gatherings of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time; if they interact at all,it is only briefly.

Summarize the different types and stages of social movements.

__________ theory is based on the assumption that a social movement is an interactive,symbolically defined,and negotiated process that involves participants,opponents,and bystanders.

Rumors thrive when tensions are low and when an abundance of authentic information is available on an issue of great concern.

Scholar __________ focused on crowd psychology and developed the contagion theory.

The terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington,D.C.,on September 11,2001 are examples of __________ movements.

Absolute deprivation refers to the discontent that people may feel when they compare their achievements with those of similarly situated persons and find that they have less than they think they deserve.

__________ is an organized group that acts consciously to promote or resist change through collective action.

According to sociologist John Lofland,a(n) __________ refers to the "publicly expressed feeling perceived by participants and observers as the most prominent in an episode of collective behavior."

Sociologists have identified ways in which grievances are framed.__________ framing provides a vocabulary of motives that compel people to take action.

When sociologist Kai Erikson pointed out that people face a "new species of trouble," he was referring to:

Discuss the dynamics of collective behavior.

Examples of a __________ include the audience in a movie theater or people at a pep rally for a sporting event.