Exam 4: Socialization

According to George Herbert Mead,__________ refers to the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person or group in order to understand the world from that person's or group's point of view.

To a large extent,the family is where we acquire our ____________ because it is where we acquire specific racial,ethnic,class,religious,and regional subgrouping.

According to psychologist Sigmund Freud,human development occurs in three states that reflect different levels of the personality.The __________,or conscience,consists of the moral and ethical aspects of personality.

A young woman decides that she wants to become a professional basketball player.She joins her school basketball team,reads articles about the best basketball players,and attends basketball camps.This is an example of:

Four components make up our self-concept.The social self is best reflected in which of the following?

Jean Piaget showed children two identical beakers filled with the same amount of water.After the children agreed that both beakers held the same amount of water,Piaget poured the water from one beaker into a taller,narrower beaker and then asked them about the amounts of water in each beaker.Children in what stage would be unable to distinguish the fact that the beakers held the same amount of water?

__________ is the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes,values,and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience.It may be voluntary or involuntary.

In kindergarten,teachers typically have a "naptime" when children are expected to get their blankets,lie down,and rest.Some children might respond that they aren't sleepy,but are told that "naptime" takes place at a certain time and all members of the class are expected to respond appropriately.This exemplifies the:

According to sociologists Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis,much of what happens in school amounts to teaching a(n) __________ in which children learn to be neat,on time,quiet,wait their turn,and remain attentive to their work.

Psychologist Jean Piaget stated that cognitive development is a continuous process of successive changes and that the sequence of the stages is not important.

According to the work of Melvin Kohn,__________ parents,who have more freedom and flexibility at work,tend to give their children more freedom to make their own decisions and to be more creative.

Viewing morality in terms of human rights rather than in terms of government and laws is representative of Kohlberg's ___________ moral level.

Describe the process of resocialization and explain why it often takes place in a total institution.

__________ can be defined as organizations that use print,analog electronic and digital electronic means to communicate with large numbers of people.

Each time we experience a change in status (such as becoming a college student or getting married),we learn a new set of rules,roles,and relationships.Even before we achieve a new status,we often participate in __________,which is the process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles.

Define agents of socialization,identify the major agents of socialization,and describe their effects on children's development.

According to George Herbert Mead,in the __________ stage of self-development (from about age three to five),children learn to use language and other symbols,thus enabling them to pretend to take the roles of specific people.

In Lawrence Kohlberg's theory,in the __________ level (few adults reach this stage),people view morality in terms of individual rights; "moral conduct" is judged by principles based on human rights that transcend government and laws.

The case of Genie,an isolated child,illustrates that:

The "I" is the __________ element of the self and represents the spontaneous and unique traits of each person.