Exam 4: Socialization

__________ are the persons,groups,or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society.

According to psychologist Sigmund Freud,the ego refers to the rational,reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of the id.

Four components make up our self-concept.The physical self is best reflected in which of the following?

Distinguish between sociological and sociobiological perspectives on the development of human behavior.

Which of the following agents of socialization teach specific knowledge and skills but also have a profound effect on children's self-image,beliefs,and values?

Peer groups function as social agents and provide all but which of the following?

__________ is the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of one's racial or ethnic status as it relates to (1) personal and group identity, (2) intergroup and interindividual relationships,and (3) position in the social hierarchy.

__________ is the totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves.

According to Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget,there are __________ stages of childhood development.

__________ includes direct statements regarding race,modeling behavior (where a child imitates the behavior of a parent or other caretaker),and indirect activities such as exposure to specific objects,contexts,and environments that represent one's racial/ethnic group.

Define and explain what is meant by racial socialization.

Psychologist Jean Piaget identified four stages of cognitive development.Which of the following is the correct sequence?

__________ is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical,mental,and social skills needed for survival in society.

In Jean Piaget's theory,by the __________ stage (age twelve through adolescence),the individual is able to engage in highly abstract thought,can think about the future,and can evaluate different options or courses of action.

Jails and prisons are examples of total institutions.In these settings,people are totally stripped of their former selves-or depersonalized- through a degradation ceremony.

George Herbert Mead's concept of the __________ refers to the child's awareness of the demands and expectations of the society as a whole or of the child's subculture.

Evil behavior is that which is likely to be punished; good conduct is based on obedience and avoidance of unwanted consequences.This thinking is representative of which of Kohlberg's moral levels?

Today,93 percent of teens report that they use the Internet.Boys are more likely to play video games and girls are more likely to engage into blogging.

In Jean Piaget's theory,during the __________ stage (age seven to eleven),children think in terms of tangible objects and actual events.They begin to take the role of others and start to empathize with the viewpoints of others.

According to Sigmund Freud,the newborn child's personality is all __________,and from birth the child finds that urges for self-gratification-such as wanting to be held,fed,or changed-are not going to be satisfied immediately.