Exam 10: Motivational Basis of Leading

Which of the following refers to the manner in which the distribution of outcomes is explained to recipients and to the procedures employed in such distribution.

According to Vroom's expectancy theory, individuals evaluate the various courses of action that are available to them and choose the one they expect will lead to the outcomes they prefer; it incorporate four major variables: (a) _______________, (b) ________________, (c) _______________, and (d) _________________.

Extrinsic rewards include such things as respect, fairness, and cooperation.

In Herzberg's two-factor theory, the factors associated with incidents of dissatisfaction are labeled _______________.

Expectancy theory assumes that behavior is controlled by one's cognitive processes.

The theory of fairness is based on an individual's perception of the balance between personal outcomes relative to the outcomes of others.

If an employee believed that her efforts would result in superior performance, then the _______________ would approach a positive value.

An individual's preference for particular outcomes is referred to as valence.

Equity theory suggests that individuals are motivated to reduce the tension they feel when they perceive inequity.

In Vroom's theory of motivation, the individual's estimate of the relationship between the first-level outcomes (results) and the second-level outcomes (results) is called _______________.

According to Maslow's needs hierarchy, esteem needs relate to a person's desire to be recognized by others.

The notion of matching individual needs to the job is more pertinent to volunteers in organizations.

Role perception implies that each employee must have an understanding of how certain activities should be carried out.

Another factor that affects the effort-performance relationship is the accuracy of the individual's __________.

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, motivators related to context are all related to the work itself.

Motivation could be described as an energetic force that directs individuals to behave in a certain manner.

In Maslow's need hierarchy theory, the highest order of needs are the _______________ needs.

In Adams' theory of inequity, a person judges equity or inequity by comparing personal effort (inputs) and the rewards of that effort, or ________________.

According to Leventhal, managers should adhere to (a) _______________, (b) _______________, and (c) ________________ in their attempts to ensure procedural justice.

The process of job enrichment is the practical application of Herzberg's theory.