Exam 11: Europe in the World, 1650-1800

After his death in 1788, Charles III's heirs continued to extend central control over Spanish America.

The English East India Company originally acted as merchants, but after the Seven Years War it acted as an agent of British power in India.

Enlightenment thinkers who believed in ideals of freedom and liberty were united in their opposition to the system of slavery.

Eighteenth-century voyages of exploration brought Europeans into contact with greater numbers of people at a time when Enlightenment thinkers were attempting to gain a better understanding of humanity and its relationship with the natural world. What broader ideas informed how Europeans attempted to understand non-European peoples?

What factors contributed to the assertion of an independent identity in British North America?

By the middle of the seventeenth century, most European countries had established strong and durable colonial empires in the New World.

During the eighteenth century, encounters with an increasing number of people coincided with Enlightenment attempts to understand humanity and its place in the natural world. How did enlightened values inform European reactions to such encounters during the eighteenth century?

For Europeans, the eighteenth century was a new age of exploration where they came to know parts of the world that they had previously not known about, largely in the Pacific Ocean. How did Europeans come to know the Pacific?

The Portuguese colony of Brazil had significant resources, which made it substantially wealthier than Portugal.

Historians and sociologists agree that Europe experienced a great divergence from the rest of the world in the nineteenth century, but they do not agree on the causes of the great divergence. Why did the great divergence occur?

The slave revolt in Haiti was the first slave revolt in the Americas.

Historians and anthropologists continue to debate why Captain Cook was killed in Hawaii. How should we interpret Captain Cook's death?

After encountering one another on their voyages to map the Pacific Northwest, Captain Dionisio Galiano (Spain) and Captain George Vancouver (Britain) negotiated an agreement that acknowledged Britain's rights and interests in the Pacific Northwest.

British colonies were integrated into the British economy as markets for goods, suppliers of raw material, and sources of wealth and food.

What is the Great Divergence?

The system of slavery was transformed during the early modern period with wide ranging effects and consequences. What were the consequences of the changes to the system of slavery?

Slavery was a fundamental part of the early modern Atlantic economy. What role did slavery play in the early modern Atlantic economy?

In 1794, the French revolutionary government emancipated all slaves in the French colonies. ________ played a significant role in this decision.

How did Europeans use trade to establish a presence in Asia?

The French were not that successful in their early attempts to establish colonies, but things changed when Jean-Baptiste Colbert took over. How did Colbert bring new life to French attempts to establish colonies?