Exam 2: Europe in the Age of the Renaissance
One of the key developments in Renaissance art was the development of ________, which enabled artists to create the illusion of three-dimensional space.
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Using the writings of Petrarch and Machiavelli, compare and contrast the late Renaissance and the early Renaissance.
This question asks students to evaluate the changes between the early and late Renaissance by focusing on two key individuals within the debate. The question also asks them to engage with the primary source excerpts provided, looking at the "Voices" of both Petrarch and Machiavelli. A good answer should contain:
An overview of Petrarch and his ideas. In particular, answers should address what was new about Petrarch, highlighting the shift from scholasticism and the importance of individual learning .
In The Book of the Courtier, Baldessare Castiglione (1478-1529) sets out the characteristics of the ideal courtier. According to Castiglione, what was the ideal courtier?
A courtier was a noble servant of a princely ruler. The ideal courtier had a number of skills and broad characteristics. Outside of serving the prince, he should be a soldier. He should effortlessly demonstrate artistry and skills such as grace, athleticism, and musical abilities. He should be an above average scholar who knew Greek and Latin, was familiar with authors and poets, and who was skilled at writing. These skills, while important, were ornamental and meant to serve the prince and please the ladies of the court.
How did the French kings consolidate their power in the fifteenth century?
How did the Renaissance lead to a changing understanding of the individual?
Henry VII was able to claim the English crown following the Wars of the Roses because he had the strongest genealogical claim to the throne.
How were the Renaissance writers a product of the context in which they wrote?
Pope ________ is responsible for firmly establishing papal control of the Papal States.
Rodrigo Borgia, who became Pope Alexander VI (r. 1492-1503), was renowned for his morality and opposition to corruption.
How did Venice become the leading naval and commercial power in the Mediterranean?
By the fifteenth century, the majority of Italian city-states had become truly republican regimes.
French nobles were able to maintain a united front against the centralizing tendencies of Charles VII and Louis XI.
The portrayal of Machiavelli as an amoral apologist for tyrants is due to the tendency to read The Prince in isolation rather than in conjunction with Machiavelli's other work, Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius.
Dynastic relations played a minimal role in European politics and diplomacy.
How did feudal monarchs associated with the "New Monarchy" centralize their power?
In consolidating his power on the English throne, Henry VII sought to limit the power of the nobility. How did he do so?
Politics during the Italian Renaissance was a relatively peaceful pursuit.
How did Cosimo de Medici establish and maintain power in Renaissance Florence?
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