Question 1

Perennial plants that live multiple years and reproduce each year are

Accepted Answer

A)  metamorphic. 
B)  paedomorphic. 
C)  iteroparous. 
D)  semelparous. 
A)  metamorphic. 
B)  paedomorphic. 
C)  iteroparous. 
D)  semelparous.

Question 2

Based on the results of Sinervo's experiments with western fence lizards, what would be the most likely evolutionary consequence if levels of predation were reduced in a population that had previously experienced much predation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sprint speed would increase. 
B)  Egg size would increase. 
C)  The number of eggs per clutch would increase. 
D)  Average development time would slow down. 
A)  Sprint speed would increase. 
B)  Egg size would increase. 
C)  The number of eggs per clutch would increase. 
D)  Average development time would slow down.

Question 3

In many species of Drosophila, flies of any genotype that are reared in a cold environment tend to be larger than flies of the same genotype raised in a warm environment. Is this an adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because phenotypic plasticity is always adaptive. 
B)  Yes, but only if there is evidence of allometry. 
C)  Maybe, but confirming this would require further experiments examining survival and reproduction of different sized flies. 
D)  Maybe, but confirming this would require further experiments examining whether the differences in size are genetic. 
A)  Yes, because phenotypic plasticity is always adaptive. 
B)  Yes, but only if there is evidence of allometry. 
C)  Maybe, but confirming this would require further experiments examining survival and reproduction of different sized flies. 
D)  Maybe, but confirming this would require further experiments examining whether the differences in size are genetic.

Question 4

A young clownfish is just returning to the reef and is looking for an anemone to live in. He is currently 23 mm long. Which one would provide him with the best chances of survival?

Accepted Answer

A)  A large anemone with five residents that are 60 mm, 54 mm, 42 mm, 33 mm, and 24 mm long 
B)  A small anemone with three residents that are 41 mm, 31 mm, and 25 mm long 
C)  A medium anemone with three residents that are 54 mm, 45 mm, and 36 mm long 
D)  A very small anemone with only one resident that is 27 mm long 
A)  A large anemone with five residents that are 60 mm, 54 mm, 42 mm, 33 mm, and 24 mm long 
B)  A small anemone with three residents that are 41 mm, 31 mm, and 25 mm long 
C)  A medium anemone with three residents that are 54 mm, 45 mm, and 36 mm long 
D)  A very small anemone with only one resident that is 27 mm long

Question 5

Suppose that the average adult life span of a gorilla is 25 years and that these animals reach sexual maturity at 5 years of age. Which organism would have a similar value of c (Charnov's dimensionless ratio) to that of a gorilla?

Accepted Answer

A)  A fish species that reaches sexual maturity at 6 months and has an average adult life span of 6 months 
B)  A bird that reaches sexual maturity at 2 years and has an average adult life span of 10 years 
C)  A turtle that reaches sexual maturity at 10 years and has an average adult life span of 20 years 
D)  None of the above as the dimensionless ratio cannot be used to compare such diverse organisms. 
A)  A fish species that reaches sexual maturity at 6 months and has an average adult life span of 6 months 
B)  A bird that reaches sexual maturity at 2 years and has an average adult life span of 10 years 
C)  A turtle that reaches sexual maturity at 10 years and has an average adult life span of 20 years 
D)  None of the above as the dimensionless ratio cannot be used to compare such diverse organisms.

Question 6

Refer to the figure.
   
-The figure is based on data from a study of the body size and reproductive output of individual females of two different species (species 1 and species 2) over time. Each figure illustrates the growth and reproduction of each individual over its life span. Based on growth patterns and the timing of reproduction, which species is closer to the K end of the r-K continuum, and which is closer to the r end of the continuum? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Species 1 is closer to the K end, and sp

Question 7

Which statement about clownfish is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most clownfish that live in the same anemone are related to one another. 
B)  Most clownfish spend considerable portions of their adult lives outside of an anemone. 
C)  Clownfish may help the anemone by eating its parasites. 
D)  Clownfish cannot live outside of an anemone. 
A)  Most clownfish that live in the same anemone are related to one another. 
B)  Most clownfish spend considerable portions of their adult lives outside of an anemone. 
C)  Clownfish may help the anemone by eating its parasites. 
D)  Clownfish cannot live outside of an anemone.

Question 8

Refer to the figure.
  A major reason evolutionary biologists have puzzled over the ubiquity of sexual reproduction is often referred to as "the cost of males," which refers to the simple argument that the offspring of asexual females can produce offspring themselves, whereas only half of the offspring of sexual females can do so. Based on the model in the figure, what proportion of individuals in the 4th generation will be asexual?

Accepted Answer

A)  70% 
B)  75% 
C)  80% 
D)  99% 
A)  70% 
B)  75% 
C)  80% 
D)  99%

Question 9

The term "K-selection" refers to selection

Accepted Answer

A)  to increase age at sexual maturity. 
B)  in populations that tend to be close to the carrying capacity of the environment. 
C)  for high population growth rates. 
D)  for semelparity. 
A)  to increase age at sexual maturity. 
B)  in populations that tend to be close to the carrying capacity of the environment. 
C)  for high population growth rates. 
D)  for semelparity.

Question 10

In Sinervo's experiments with western fence lizards, why did he insert a syringe into some of the eggs but not remove any of the yolk?

Accepted Answer

A)  To improve the survival rate 
B)  To induce development 
C)  To retard development 
D)  As a control 
A)  To improve the survival rate 
B)  To induce development 
C)  To retard development 
D)  As a control

Question 11

Refer to the figure.
 
- Seedlings of an annual plant were split into two equal treatment groups; in one group, extra fertilizer was added, and in the other group (the control group), no additional fertilizer was added. The numbers of seeds and the average weight of the seeds from each individual plant were monitored, and these data were plotted (each point represents an individual plant). According to the figure, it appears that fertilizer treatment _______ seed size and _______ seed number.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased; had no effect on 
B)  increased; increased 
C)  had no effect on; decreased 
D)  decreased; increased 
A)  increased; had no effect on 
B)  increased; increased 
C)  had no effect on; decreased 
D)  decreased; increased

Question 12

Parental care is an important form of reproductive investment for some species. Which of the following is likely to be associated with a higher level of parental care?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased parental mortality 
B)  Increased offspring survival 
C)  Increased offspring mortality 
D)  Increased parental weight 
A)  Decreased parental mortality 
B)  Increased offspring survival 
C)  Increased offspring mortality 
D)  Increased parental weight

Question 13

Refer to the figure.
  Male fruit flies spend more time courting virgin females than recently mated females. Based on this fact and the accompanying figure, which of the following is not a reasonable inference?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a positive correlation between male body size and male lifespan. 
B)  Increased sexual activity may shorten the lifespan of small males. 
C)  Increased sexual activity may shorten the lifespan of large males. 
D)  Virgin females are smaller than mated females. 
A)  There is a positive correlation between male body size and male lifespan. 
B)  Increased sexual activity may shorten the lifespan of small males. 
C)  Increased sexual activity may shorten the lifespan of large males. 
D)  Virgin females are smaller than mated females.

Question 14

Parental care is an important form of reproductive investment in some species, such as birds. Which of the following is not likely to be associated with a higher level of parental care?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased offspring weight 
B)  Increased offspring survival 
C)  Increased parental mortality 
D)  Increased parental weight 
A)  Increased offspring weight 
B)  Increased offspring survival 
C)  Increased parental mortality 
D)  Increased parental weight

Question 15

Endosperm in plants serves a function much like _______ in animals.

Accepted Answer

A)  metamorphosis 
B)  the egg yolk 
C)  isogamy 
D)  dormancy 
A)  metamorphosis 
B)  the egg yolk 
C)  isogamy 
D)  dormancy

Question 16

Sequential hermaphroditism and paedomorphic development are both adaptations that allow individuals to take advantage of

Accepted Answer

A)  the lack of females in the population. 
B)  conditions that are most favorable for reproduction. 
C)  opportunities to avoid predators. 
D)  dispersal abilities. 
A)  the lack of females in the population. 
B)  conditions that are most favorable for reproduction. 
C)  opportunities to avoid predators. 
D)  dispersal abilities.

Question 17

Refer to the figure.
  
- The figure is based on data from a study of the body size and reproductive output of individual females of two different species (species 1 and species 2) over time. Each figure illustrates the growth and reproduction of each individual over its life span. Based on these data, what appears to be the primary factor influencing when these individuals reach their highest reproductive output? Explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

For species 1, age is the main factor, b

Question 18

Refer to the figure.
   
-The figure is based on data from a study of the body size and reproductive output of individual females of two different species (species 1 and species 2) over time. Each figure illustrates the growth and reproduction of each individual over its life span. Based on the body size and reproductive output of these two individuals, is there any evidence of a trade-off? Describe evidence that you think supports or does not support the hypothesis that there is a trade-off.

Accepted Answer

The data are consistent with a trade-off

Question 19

If tadpoles of spadefoot toads are fed shrimp and other tadpoles, they will most likely develop into the _______ morph and thus will likely have an advantage in _______ pools.

Accepted Answer

A)  carnivore; ephemeral 
B)  carnivore; long-lasting 
C)  omnivore; ephemeral 
D)  omnivore; all 
A)  carnivore; ephemeral 
B)  carnivore; long-lasting 
C)  omnivore; ephemeral 
D)  omnivore; all

Question 20

Refer to the figure.
  
-The figure shows the relationship between the trunk diameter and the leaf mass of ponderosa pine trees from both moist and desert climates. Which statement comparing ponderosa pines grown in desert environments to those grown in cooler, moister climates is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Desert ponderosa pines have lower photosynthetic rates. 
B)  Desert ponderosa pines allocate less biomass to leaf production. 
C)  For a given height, desert ponderosa pines have thinner trunks. 
D)  Desert ponderosa pines have fewer branches. 
A)  Desert ponderosa pines have lower photosynthetic rates. 
B)  Desert ponderosa pines allocate less biomass to leaf production. 
C)  For a given height, desert ponderosa pines have thinner trunks. 
D)  Desert ponderosa pines have fewer branches.

Perennial plants that live multiple years and reproduce each year are

Based on the results of Sinervo's experiments with western fence lizards, what would be the most likely evolutionary consequence if levels of predation were reduced in a population that had previously experienced much predation?

In many species of Drosophila, flies of any genotype that are reared in a cold environment tend to be larger than flies of the same genotype raised in a warm environment. Is this an adaptation?

A young clownfish is just returning to the reef and is looking for an anemone to live in. He is currently 23 mm long. Which one would provide him with the best chances of survival?

Suppose that the average adult life span of a gorilla is 25 years and that these animals reach sexual maturity at 5 years of age. Which organism would have a similar value of c (Charnov's dimensionless ratio) to that of a gorilla?

Which statement about clownfish is true?

The term "K-selection" refers to selection

In Sinervo's experiments with western fence lizards, why did he insert a syringe into some of the eggs but not remove any of the yolk?

Parental care is an important form of reproductive investment for some species. Which of the following is likely to be associated with a higher level of parental care?

Refer to the figure. Male fruit flies spend more time courting virgin females than recently mated females. Based on this fact and the accompanying figure, which of the following is not a reasonable inference?

Parental care is an important form of reproductive investment in some species, such as birds. Which of the following is not likely to be associated with a higher level of parental care?

Endosperm in plants serves a function much like _______ in animals.

Sequential hermaphroditism and paedomorphic development are both adaptations that allow individuals to take advantage of

If tadpoles of spadefoot toads are fed shrimp and other tadpoles, they will most likely develop into the _ morph and thus will likely have an advantage in _ pools.

Refer to the figure. -The figure shows the relationship between the trunk diameter and the leaf mass of ponderosa pine trees from both moist and desert climates. Which statement comparing ponderosa pines grown in desert environments to those grown in cooler, moister climates is false?

The Web of Life

The Physical Environment

The Biosphere

Coping With Environmental Variation:

Coping With Environmental Variation: Energy

Evolution and Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth and Regulation

Predation

Parasitism

Competition

Mutualism and Commensalism

The Nature of Communities

Change in Communities

Biogeography

Species Diversity in Communities

Production

Energy Flow and Food Webs

Nutrient Supply and Cycling

Conservation Biology

Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem Management

Global Ecology

Filters

Exam 7: Life History

Perennial plants that live multiple years and reproduce each year are

Based on the results of Sinervo's experiments with western fence lizards, what would be the most likely evolutionary consequence if levels of predation were reduced in a population that had previously experienced much predation?

In many species of Drosophila, flies of any genotype that are reared in a cold environment tend to be larger than flies of the same genotype raised in a warm environment. Is this an adaptation?

A young clownfish is just returning to the reef and is looking for an anemone to live in. He is currently 23 mm long. Which one would provide him with the best chances of survival?

Suppose that the average adult life span of a gorilla is 25 years and that these animals reach sexual maturity at 5 years of age. Which organism would have a similar value of c (Charnov's dimensionless ratio) to that of a gorilla?

Which statement about clownfish is true?

The term "K-selection" refers to selection

In Sinervo's experiments with western fence lizards, why did he insert a syringe into some of the eggs but not remove any of the yolk?

Parental care is an important form of reproductive investment for some species. Which of the following is likely to be associated with a higher level of parental care?

Refer to the figure. Male fruit flies spend more time courting virgin females than recently mated females. Based on this fact and the accompanying figure, which of the following is not a reasonable inference?

Parental care is an important form of reproductive investment in some species, such as birds. Which of the following is not likely to be associated with a higher level of parental care?

Endosperm in plants serves a function much like _______ in animals.

Sequential hermaphroditism and paedomorphic development are both adaptations that allow individuals to take advantage of

If tadpoles of spadefoot toads are fed shrimp and other tadpoles, they will most likely develop into the _______ morph and thus will likely have an advantage in _______ pools.

Refer to the figure. -The figure shows the relationship between the trunk diameter and the leaf mass of ponderosa pine trees from both moist and desert climates. Which statement comparing ponderosa pines grown in desert environments to those grown in cooler, moister climates is false?

The Web of Life

The Physical Environment

The Biosphere

Coping With Environmental Variation:

Coping With Environmental Variation: Energy

Evolution and Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth and Regulation

Predation

Parasitism

Competition

Mutualism and Commensalism

The Nature of Communities

Change in Communities

Biogeography

Species Diversity in Communities

Production

Energy Flow and Food Webs

Nutrient Supply and Cycling

Conservation Biology

Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem Management

Global Ecology

Filters

If tadpoles of spadefoot toads are fed shrimp and other tadpoles, they will most likely develop into the _ morph and thus will likely have an advantage in _ pools.