Exam 3: ATI-TEAS-Reading

B C K T E V A R Using the letter string above, delete every second letter. Replace the remaining vowels with the letter "O" and add the letter "S" to the end of the string. Which of the following words can be made with the remaining letters?

Every year, we are reminded both online and on the evening news of the deadly effects of the flu. There's no doubt that influenza is a killer. The Centers for Disease control estimates that 80,000 Americans died from the flu in 2017. But how can a simple case of the flu that many people recover from in a week or two be so deadly to others? Doctors who study the body's immune response cite three reasons. First, when the immune system is taxed, there is a good chance of co-infection with another germ-usually a bacterium, such as strep. Second, the flu can easily aggravate existing conditions such as heart disease and asthma. Third is the so-called cytokine storm. This is an overproduction of immune cells and their activating compounds (cytokines) in the lungs. The resulting lung inflammation and fluid buildup can lead to severe lung distress and can open the door to other diseases such as bacterial pneumonia. What is the author's purpose in the first sentence of the passage?

Use the advertisement below to answer the question. Happy Days Amusement Park Happy Days Amusement Park, located in Green Valley between the St. John River and the towering Red Rock Mountain is the finest amusement park in the great Southwest-bar none! Bring your family and let your spirits soar! Rides & Games: The park features thirty rides including roller coasters (the Titan Terror, Scream While You Can), two water rides (Perilous Plume, Dixie River) and fifteen Kiddie-ville rides. Also, there are twenty-five games, three video arcades, and four souvenir shops located throughout the park. Food: Mountainside terrace is our newly remodeled cafeteria serving delicious dishes from around the world. Alcoholic beverages are not permitted in the park. In addition, there are five snack stops located in the park. Here you can find whatever snack foods your heart desires-popcorn, fried treats, and snow cones, just to name a few! Advanced reservations: Avoid the lines and make your reservations online. All tickets are available. An all-day pass for children 12 and under is $50. Take advantage of our special BOGO deal. From now through September 30th, buy one regular adult admission ticket for $100.00 and get another for free! (Available only online.) Parking: Parking is free! But if you'd prefer the choicest of spots, Preferred Parking is available for $5.00 per vehicle. Enter through the south gate opposite the ticket office. Located off of I-25 just off of the first Clarksville exit. Local calls for general information: 1-875-555-9898 Which of the following is NOT included in the park?

Polar Dinosaurs When you think of the typical dinosaur habitat, images of steamy swamps or boiling tropical forests probably come to mind. And certainly, dinosaurs flourished in such environments for millions of years. You might not think of Antarctica or Alaska as probable homes for dinosaurs. However, paleontologists have unearthed the remains of dinosaurs that did quite well in environments that were cold for at least part of the year. Known as polar dinosaurs, they endured long periods of darkness, sometimes up to six months each winter. Seventy million years ago, Alaska was cold but not as cold as it is today. Still, winters would have come with plenty of ice and snow. Scientists estimate that Alaska's climate at the time would have come close to that of Chicago today. The fossil evidence shows that relatives of Tyrannosaurus rex would have hunted the thirty-five-foot-long herbivore Edmontosaurus in forests rich with conifers, or cone-bearing trees, such as ancestors to modern junipers or pines. Polar dinosaurs had two options when winter arrived. They could stay put or escape to warmer climes. Amazingly, it appears that some remained in the area over the long winters. This raises the question of whether the polar dinosaurs were warm-blooded, like modern birds and mammals, or cold-blooded, like modern reptiles. Warm-blooded animals maintain body temperature internally, through metabolism. By contrast, cold-blooded animals warm their bodies by absorbing heat from the sun and their surroundings. That's why you might see a lizard sunning itself on a rock early in the morning. But, at extreme northern and southern latitudes, the sun doesn't rise for several months during the winter. In these places, it would be nearly impossible for a cold-blooded dinosaur to survive. Could these dinosaurs have actually been warm-blooded? Common sense says that they had to be warm-blooded. And many paleontologists now agree. To see why you just need to look at the bones. Bones of all animals have growth rings, similar to the growth rings found on trees. They indicate how quickly or slowly an animal grows. The researchers compared the dinosaurs' growth rates with those of both living and extinct animals and found that the dinosaurs' growth rate matched that of mammals. Scientists also looked at limb length and the amount of muscle required to move the limbs. Cold-blooded animals typically have shorter limb length and less muscle mass than warm-blooded animals. Based on hip height, these scientists concluded that the five largest dinosaurs would have had to be warm-blooded to walk or run. The polar dinosaurs lived in a very strange world. And many scientists now think that the only way they could have thrived there was by being warm-blooded. Which of the following has a similar theme to the Polar Dinosaurs passage?

Do you believe in the paranormal? If so, you might not be surprised to hear of alien abductions, brushes with ghosts, or even imps and ghouls invading one's bedroom at night. It's certainly entertaining to believe in such otherworldly events. But the phenomenon of sleep paralysis might just provide a more viable explanation to these occurrences than traditional paranormal explanations. REM sleep is a deep cycle of sleep in which we have our most vivid dreams. At this stage, we are paralyzed. This might simply be a sort of safety device to stop us from acting out our dreams so that we don't, for example, attempt to fly. But during sleep paralysis, features of REM sleep continue even after we wake up. At this stage, we are paralyzed. As much as 8% of the population experiences this phenomenon, perhaps explaining many events that might otherwise be attributed to paranormal activity. Which of the following is a possible reason given for the phenomenon of sleep paralysis?

Use the job posting below to answer the question. Henderson State College Fundraiser for Development/Capital Campaign Henderson State College in Nevada seeks a highly experienced fundraiser to work for the College's in-house fundraising program. The successful candidate will report directly to the director of development and will provide support for the college's Capital Campaign. Work will be conducted in a team environment with the deans of each department of the college. Requirements: Must be willing to work without supervision, travel and devote the time necessary to achieve audacious goals. Evening and weekend work required. Bachelor's degree required, although a master's degree is preferred. Demonstrated success in soliciting major gifts is an absolute must. Must have a minimum of twelve years' experience in fundraising and managing in a team-oriented environment. Those who have worked in a university setting will have an advantage in the selection process. Interested candidates should send a cover letter and resume with salary requirements to the address listed below: Charles Smith, Director of Personnel Management Henderson State College Office of Human Resources 456 Desert View Road Henderson, Nevada 91293 Email: smithc@HSC.edu Phone: 454-555-9383 Which of the following information is given in the posting?

Marie Curie Marie Curie (1867 - 1934) was a famous Polish scientist and Nobel Prize winner. While she is often regarded as an important historical figure, most people may not realize the extent of Curie's accomplishments in the scientific field, let alone the remaining impact these effects have had on modern scientific developments. Originally named Maria Sklodowska, the famous scientist was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1867. Due to her family's involvement in government affairs, the Sklodowska family suffered a significant economic loss and they were forced to give up their property during the Polish national uprisings. Despite the economic challenges faced by her family, Marie was adamant in pursuing her education and was known for her prodigious memory from a young age. After working diligently as a teacher in Poland, Marie made her way to Paris in 1891 to study at the Sorbonne (the University of Paris). Brought together by their mutual passion for science, Marie met her future husband, Pierre Curie, in 1894. Their marriage the following year marked the beginning of a series of scientific breakthroughs. The pair seemed destined to make a difference in the scientific field due to their passion for physics and chemistry. Together, they discovered two new elements: polonium and radium. Marie devoted her research towards obtaining a pure form of radium in the metallic state, but struggled to finalize the project. In the meantime, she penned the term "radioactivity" after following Henri Becquerel's discovery of the phenomenon in 1896. Soon after, Marie, along with her husband Pierre and Becquerel, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. After Pierre's sudden death in 1906, Marie continued her experiments and research mostly on her own, all while raising her two daughters, Irene and Eve. During the years after her husband's death, Curie was installed as the first female professor at the Sorbonne in 1906 and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the isolation of a pure form of radium in 1911. When it comes to Curie's varied achievements, her research on the use of X-radiography is most often hailed as her greatest, as it would later pave the way towards treating illnesses and advancing the medicinal field. Due to the nature of her research and her time as a radiologist in field hospitals, Curie was often unprotected when exposed to X-rays. Decades of this exposure lead to her death from leukemia in 1934. Despite the initial adversity and hardship faced by Curie, she contributed groundbreaking findings in the scientific field. Her immense contributions have not just made an impact when it comes to science, though. Curie is also an important symbol for women's history, as she was able to defy traditional stereotypes of women during her lifetime, and was the first woman in history to win a Nobel Prize. By realizing the hurdles that Curie faced in her early years, her desire to change the scientific field for the better, and her astounding accomplishments, one can come to truly understand and appreciate Curie's achievements. Which of the following is a logical conclusion based on the passage?

Twins are obviously very close. They share not only genes but friends, bedrooms, and even secrets. But might it be possible that they share thoughts-without even opening their mouths? Many twins-as many as 20%-claim to share something far more mysterious: a special psychic connection. Take the case of Gemma Houghton. In 2009, she had the strange feeling that her sister Leanne desperately needed her help. So she walked upstairs to the bathroom, where she found Leanne unconscious in a bathtub full of water. She had suffered a seizure had nearly drowned. Fortunately, Gemma arrived in time to save her sister. But as inexplicable as this may seem, perhaps it's not so mysterious after all. Leanne had had seizures in the past and Gemma had been warned to watch out for her. Knowing that it was dangerous for Leanne to be alone in water, it's not surprising that Gemma might have become concerned for her after a few minutes of hearing no activity from upstairs. It's likely that any other family member would have acted just as Gemma did. Based on their titles, which of the following articles would provide the most reliable information for a student who wanted to know the real reason for supposed psychic connection between twins? 

Claus was born in a small village in the depths of a German forest.  Which of the following dictionary definitions corresponds with "depths" as used in the sentence above?

Long before the weather forecast appeared on the nightly local news, farmers had their own way of predicting the weather. This makes sense because, after all, their livelihood depended on it. While some people might discount their predictions as mere tall tales, there is indeed some truth in many of their sayings. For instance, there is an old saying: "Frogs croaking in the lagoon means rain will come real soon." Frogs are cold-blooded amphibians, so they require moist skin and relatively high temperatures to be active. Their croaking implies that the temperature and humidity are high-and these can often precede summer thunderstorms. Far from being a pest, this creature can actually give a farmer insight into approaching weather patterns. It's probably even be more accurate than a weather forecast on the nightly news! If frogs are croaking on a summer's night, what might you predict?

Dolly the Sheep The topic of human reproductive cloning has been highly debated for decades. However, the world's most famous clone was actually a sheep. Dolly the Sheep (July 5, 1996 - February 14, 2003) was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. Cloned at the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland, it took seven months for Dolly's cloning to be publicly announced. Once the success of the experiment was made known, though, it was considered by some to be a scientific, revolutionary breakthrough that changed the history of cloning. Most people probably do not realize that cloning has existed since the beginning of time. For example, organisms such as bacteria create offspring that are genetically identical to the parent through asexual reproduction, the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms. In biotechnology, cloning is known as the process of producing copies of cells or DNA fragments. In the cloning of Dolly the Sheep, British biologists called upon the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique. The SCNT technique is a process in which the nucleus from an ordinary, adult cell is transferred into an enucleated oocyte, or commonly known as an unfertilized, developing egg cell. Then, the hybrid cell is divided by an electric shock and implanted in a surrogate mother. In this case, Dolly the Sheep had three mothers, one of which provided the egg, one that provided the DNA, and one that carried the cloned embryo to term. The SCNT process is not only a substantially effective form of animal cloning, but it results in a creature having nearly the same genetic potential as the one providing the nuclear DNA. Interestingly, while Dolly the Sheep is considered to be the most famous cloning experiment, it was not the first time that an animal had been cloned. In fact, other sheep had been cloned in 1984 and 1995, but these experiments were not as notable since they involved embryonic and fetal cells. The fact that Dolly the Sheep had been made from adult cells is what set the experiment apart from the rest. This successful cloning broke new ground in both biology and medicine, as it proved that genetic material from a specific adult cell could be programmed to grow a completely different organism. Dolly the Sheep also triggered an intense worldwide response and a burning debate regarding bioethics. Skeptics and critics of the SCNT technique argued that the process could be used to create human clones, which could act as a violation of human dignity. Some countries even banned cloning and considered it illegal. Those in favor of the SCNT technique, on the other hand, argued that SCNT could help improve understanding of aging and genetics, while also leading to the production of cheaper medicines. Which of the following sentences best summarizes the passage?

​Works Cited Lee, Leo Ou-fan. City Between Worlds:My Hong Kong. New York: Belknap P, 2008.                Print. Meyer, Michael. The Last Days of Old Beijing. New York: Walker, 2008. Print. Reddies, Bernd. "China: Its Struggle for Stabilization and Equal Status." Compass             2020 (2007): 3-19. Library.fes.de. May 2007.             https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/05161.pdf. Schleicher, Annie. "China Struggles to Balance Economy with Environment." News                 Hour ​Extra. 07 Dec. 2005. PBS. 01 Mar. 2005. Web.                                    https://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec05/toxic_12-07.html. Above is a sample of a bibliography from a student research paper. Which source is likely to describe China's environmental policy?

In the days when the Church dominated everyday life, troubadours became well-known secular entertainers who could move beyond religious themes and explore love and politics. They were most popular between 1100 and 1350 A.D. Troubadours often entertained kings and queens at court and frequently enjoyed many of the pleasures and privileges enjoyed by the wealthiest members of society, which was at the time a very much a male-dominated world. But interestingly, entertaining as a trobairitz, or female troubadour, gave some women the opportunity to enjoy a prominent career in what began as a "males-only" field. Although their work is less prolific than that of male troubadours, surviving manuscripts clearly show that women were highly capable poets and musicians. Female poetry pertaining to love tended to offer a less idealized and more accurate conception than the poetry of their male counterparts. In addition, it showed a more conversational and less flourished style of writing. In this way, it intended to more closely depict a more grounded vision of relationships. What is the author's purpose for the text?

Tidal Power The gravitational pull of the moon and the sun, as well as Earth's rotation, create the tides-the rise and fall in sea levels. In some places, tidal action can cause water levels-especially those near the shore-to vary up to forty feet. Today, the awesome power of the tides is used to generate electricity. The two main types of tidal power systems are tidal barrages and tidal turbines. Tidal barrages use a structure similar to a dam. The structure, called a barrage, is located across an inlet of an ocean bay or lagoon. Massive gates attached to the barrage open and close to control water levels and flow rates. They allow the tidal basin to fill with water on the incoming flood current. This water is then emptied through an electric turbine system on the outgoing current. As water races through the turbine system, electricity is generated. Tidal turbines look and operate quite similar to wind turbines. But because water is about 800 times denser than air, tidal turbines must be much sturdier and heavier. These power generation units are permanently attached to the sea floor in areas with a strong tidal flow. They operate as the ocean's current spins past massive blades. The blades are attached to turbines that produce electricity. Systems in Scotland and South Korea have tidal turbines that are capable of producing up to 1.5 megawatts of electricity-enough electricity to power roughly 1,500 homes. But tidal power is not without some drawbacks. Scientists think that the electromagnetic waves generated by the tidal turbines could disrupt ocean life. In particular, scientists are worried that they might affect the migration patterns of aquatic animals. But already, a workaround has been suggested-the turbines are simply turned off when certain migrating sea mammals approach them. Another drawback of tidal power is the high cost of construction. They are, for example, much more expensive to install than wind or solar power facilities. Still, tidal power facilities are durable, lasting as much as four times as long as wind or solar power plants. Tidal power emits zero greenhouse gases, so it is an extremely clean power source. It takes up relatively little space, too, when compared to other green energy projects. For example, the Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station in South Korea was easily added to an existing 12.5 kilometer-long seawall. Windfarms and even solar farms, on the other hand, can take up vast tracts of land, sometimes amounting to hundreds of square kilometers. Another benefit of tidal power is that the power it generates is extremely predictable. Obviously, the gravitational pull of the sun and moon are not going to cease any time soon. The benefits of tidal power seem to outweigh its drawbacks. Clearly, it's time to produce more of these electricity-generating facilities wherever possible. Which of the following is a logical conclusion about tidal power based on the passage?

Use the map below to answer the question. What is located at the Brooks Falls Trailhead?

Arachnophobia: The Fear of Spiders Have you ever jumped at the unexpected sight of a black eight-legged spider? If you have, you are not alone. It has been estimated that as many as one in three women and one in four men have experienced varying degrees of arachnophobia, more commonly known as a fear of spiders. Since the term phobia means an extreme fear of a particular object or idea, not everyone who dislikes spiders has a phobia. In fact, the level of fear experienced by people with classic cases of arachnophobia includes interruptions of daily life, such as refusing to clean the house in fear of finding a spider or cobweb. Although the exact reason behind society's fear of spiders is still up to question, scientists have provided various theories that shed light on the possible reasoning behind the phenomenon. One theory, for example, dates back to our ancestors. While most spiders do not pose a serious risk to humans, they are in some way venomous, and a fear of spiders in Paleolithic times may have helped humans survive and reproduce. Other scientists, however, disagree with this theory, since fears of deadlier animals and insects (such as scorpions and tigers) are not as common as arachnophobia. Some scientists have also posited that the fear of spiders came about from negativity regarding the species that has been passed down through generations. In other words, even if most spiders aren't deadly, people have been taught to have strong, negative reactions to them throughout history. Psychologists have put forth two major cognitive-behavioral techniques (CBT) aimed at helping those experiencing the potentially debilitating effects of arachnophobia, which can include not being able to go to work or perform daily tasks. The first CBT technique, known as Cognitive Reframing, helps change the way a patient perceives various triggers. The goal of this technique is to change one's physical reaction to spiders, thus eliminating the severity of the phobia. Those who undergo this therapy are encouraged to challenge the fearful thoughts associated with spiders and replace them with positive thoughts. Systematic Desensitization, on the other hand, is a product of classical conditioning and behavioral therapy. This therapy includes relaxation techniques such as deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation, which seek to calm stressful physical responses to the phobia. In more intense cases of arachnophobia, however, antidepressant or anti-anxiety medications are prescribed as a way to coincide with the effects of CBT therapy and offer additional support. Psychologists believe that the combination of medication and CBT therapy could lead to quicker, more stable results in patients. Interestingly, virtual reality therapy, which includes fake, virtual representations of phobias, may be just as effective as traditional treatments. However, a virtual eight-legged spider is not as scary as the real thing! Which of the following has a similar theme to the Arachnophobia: The Fear of Spiders passage?

Tidal Power The gravitational pull of the moon and the sun, as well as Earth's rotation, create the tides-the rise and fall in sea levels. In some places, tidal action can cause water levels-especially those near the shore-to vary up to forty feet. Today, the awesome power of the tides is used to generate electricity. The two main types of tidal power systems are tidal barrages and tidal turbines. Tidal barrages use a structure similar to a dam. The structure, called a barrage, is located across an inlet of an ocean bay or lagoon. Massive gates attached to the barrage open and close to control water levels and flow rates. They allow the tidal basin to fill with water on the incoming flood current. This water is then emptied through an electric turbine system on the outgoing current. As water races through the turbine system, electricity is generated. Tidal turbines look and operate quite similar to wind turbines. But because water is about 800 times denser than air, tidal turbines must be much sturdier and heavier. These power generation units are permanently attached to the sea floor in areas with a strong tidal flow. They operate as the ocean's current spins past massive blades. The blades are attached to turbines that produce electricity. Systems in Scotland and South Korea have tidal turbines that are capable of producing up to 1.5 megawatts of electricity-enough electricity to power roughly 1,500 homes. But tidal power is not without some drawbacks. Scientists think that the electromagnetic waves generated by the tidal turbines could disrupt ocean life. In particular, scientists are worried that they might affect the migration patterns of aquatic animals. But already, a workaround has been suggested-the turbines are simply turned off when certain migrating sea mammals approach them. Another drawback of tidal power is the high cost of construction. They are, for example, much more expensive to install than wind or solar power facilities. Still, tidal power facilities are durable, lasting as much as four times as long as wind or solar power plants. Tidal power emits zero greenhouse gases, so it is an extremely clean power source. It takes up relatively little space, too, when compared to other green energy projects. For example, the Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station in South Korea was easily added to an existing 12.5 kilometer-long seawall. Windfarms and even solar farms, on the other hand, can take up vast tracts of land, sometimes amounting to hundreds of square kilometers. Another benefit of tidal power is that the power it generates is extremely predictable. Obviously, the gravitational pull of the sun and moon are not going to cease any time soon. The benefits of tidal power seem to outweigh its drawbacks. Clearly, it's time to produce more of these electricity-generating facilities wherever possible. Which of the following is an opinion stated in the passage?

Wasted Food Chances are, a portion of the food you purchase ends up being wasted. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that approximately 31% of the overall food supply is wasted. This impacts food security, resource conservation, and even climate change - 18% of the country's emissions of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, come from landfills. It's now time to take a stand and reduce the amount of food waste sent to landfills. The sustainable management of food does not only impact climate change but can also help to feed millions of people. The EPA defines sustainable management of food as a "systematic approach that seeks to reduce wasted food and its associated impacts over the entire life cycle." It starts with the use of natural resources to produce the food and follows the cycle through manufacturing, sales, and consumption. It ends with decisions regarding recovery or final consumption. The main tenets of the system are "Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle." "Wasted food" describes food that was not used as it was originally intended. It not only includes food that is sent to landfills or combustion facilities, but also food that is donated to feed people, food that is used to create feed for animals and even food that is used to create organic compost. Examples include unused kitchen trimmings from restaurants, byproducts from food and beverage processing plants, unsold food from grocery stores, and even residential plate waste. Without a doubt, wasted food is a growing problem today. In 2015, the EPA estimated that more the vast majority-nearly 95%-of this waste ended up in landfills and incinerators. This puts a huge burden on our landfills, in many cases causing them to quickly reach capacity. The amount of wasted food is staggering. Approximately 31% of the 430 billion pounds of food produced in the U.S. was not available for human consumption at the consumer level. In other words, one-third of the total amount of food produced remained uneaten. But at the same time, this wasted food presents a tremendous opportunity. Recovering wasted food through donation, salvaging, and composting can create jobs. It is estimated that more than 36,000 people work in the food recycling industry, with more being added each year. Furthermore, we can feed people with this wasted food. You can contact your local food rescue organizations for information about where to donate and what type of food local charities accept. Finally, countries can donate food waste on a global basis. The United Nations predicts that through eliminating food waste, there would be enough extra food available to feed all of the chronically undernourished people of the world-without increasing food production. Clearly, the need to reduce, reuse, and recycle wasted food exists. Think how you might be able to do this and implement a plan of action for cutting down on wasted food today. What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph?

L X U B I U T O Using the letter string above, delete every second letter. Replace the remaining vowels with the letter "E" and add the letter "S" to the end of the string. Which of the following words can be made with the remaining letters?

Which of the following medications is a topical salve that should be applied to the skin?