Exam 3: ATI-TEAS-Reading

Which of the following sources should a student consult to find the definition of the word "unattainable"?

Wasted Food Chances are, a portion of the food you purchase ends up being wasted. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that approximately 31% of the overall food supply is wasted. This impacts food security, resource conservation, and even climate change - 18% of the country's emissions of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, come from landfills. It's now time to take a stand and reduce the amount of food waste sent to landfills. The sustainable management of food does not only impact climate change but can also help to feed millions of people. The EPA defines sustainable management of food as a "systematic approach that seeks to reduce wasted food and its associated impacts over the entire life cycle." It starts with the use of natural resources to produce the food and follows the cycle through manufacturing, sales, and consumption. It ends with decisions regarding recovery or final consumption. The main tenets of the system are "Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle." "Wasted food" describes food that was not used as it was originally intended. It not only includes food that is sent to landfills or combustion facilities, but also food that is donated to feed people, food that is used to create feed for animals and even food that is used to create organic compost. Examples include unused kitchen trimmings from restaurants, byproducts from food and beverage processing plants, unsold food from grocery stores, and even residential plate waste. Without a doubt, wasted food is a growing problem today. In 2015, the EPA estimated that more the vast majority-nearly 95%-of this waste ended up in landfills and incinerators. This puts a huge burden on our landfills, in many cases causing them to quickly reach capacity. The amount of wasted food is staggering. Approximately 31% of the 430 billion pounds of food produced in the U.S. was not available for human consumption at the consumer level. In other words, one-third of the total amount of food produced remained uneaten. But at the same time, this wasted food presents a tremendous opportunity. Recovering wasted food through donation, salvaging, and composting can create jobs. It is estimated that more than 36,000 people work in the food recycling industry, with more being added each year. Furthermore, we can feed people with this wasted food. You can contact your local food rescue organizations for information about where to donate and what type of food local charities accept. Finally, countries can donate food waste on a global basis. The United Nations predicts that through eliminating food waste, there would be enough extra food available to feed all of the chronically undernourished people of the world-without increasing food production. Clearly, the need to reduce, reuse, and recycle wasted food exists. Think how you might be able to do this and implement a plan of action for cutting down on wasted food today. Which of the following has a similar theme as the "Wasted Food" article?

Whether we like it or not, global climate change will have pronounced effects on the world we live in. Oddly enough, climate change brings with it some minor positive effects. For instance, the frost-free growing season will lengthen. This means that farmers will have a longer period of time in which to grow crops. Ultimately, some farmers may be able to plant and harvest two crops per year, rather than just one. But for every positive effect, there are ten negative ones. Temperatures will continue to rise. Of course, this could spell the doom for polar ice caps. Climate change also brings with it changes in precipitation patterns. More precipitation is expected for the northern U.S., while much less is expected for the Southwest. But perhaps more than anything else, climate change could devastate our coastal cities. Experts estimate that sea levels will rise one to four feet within the next sixty years. So, while not all of the results of climate change are negative, we clearly stand to lose more than we gain. What logical prediction could be made, based on information found in the passage?

Which of the following statements represents an opinion? 

During the 18th century, toll roads began appearing all over England, spreading from London all the way to Scotland. But these roads were made of small stones piled on top of mud, so even a light rain could render them impassable. A blind engineer named John Metcalf came up with a solution. He insisted that roads have a strong stone foundation. He "crowned" the roads too, meaning that he made them higher in the middle than on the sides. He added a ditch on either side, providing proper drainage to keep the roadways from caving in due to excess moisture. This also prevented potholes. But his methods proved costly and many local governments were loath to pay the construction costs. Undeterred, Metcalf challenged a colonel to race him to London. Thanks to the lousy road conditions, he made it to the city on foot faster than the colonel could get there in his horse-drawn buggy. As a result, towns across England began adopting Metcalf's engineering ideas. Even today, many of these ideas are still in use not only in England but around the world. What is the main idea of the passage?

The future of space travel may not lie with humans, but with robots. At the dawn of the space age, space travel required human astronauts-they were simply more capable than robots. But humans developed technology that steadily made robots more attractive. Astronauts have to breathe, eat, and drink to keep going. But robots can travel to the ends of the solar system free of such constraints. They can do more, go further, and because they don't require costly life-support systems, they can do it all more often. Of course, they still require human direction. Nevertheless, we should all look for more robotic space travelers in the future. Which of the following is a logical conclusion based on the passage?

Monarch Butterflies Take a moment and think of a butterfly-any type of butterfly at all. Chances are good that the distinct orange, black, and yellow monarch butterfly came to mind. The monarch is perhaps the most beautiful of all butterflies in existence. That is, to a human the coloration is beautiful, but not so for other animals. The coloring is like a flashing red light to potential predators, sending a warning that the insect is foul tasting and poisonous. However, the greatest threat to the wellbeing of the monarch butterfly might not be coming from predators, but from the activities of humans. As larvae, monarch caterpillars feed almost exclusively on the milkweed plant. This plant is critical for their survival and adults will return to areas rich in milkweed to lay their eggs directly on the plants. The milkweed that they feed on contains a poisonous toxin that is then stored in their bodies. This is what makes the monarch butterfly taste so terrible to predators. An animal that eats a monarch probably won't die, but it will feel sick enough to avoid other monarchs in the future. Perhaps the most amazing aspect of the monarch is its 3000-mile annual migration. Every year as winter approaches, millions of these insects leave their homes in the United States and Canada, heading south to Southern California and Mexico. They travel between fifty and one hundred miles a day, the entire journey taking up to two months to complete. The monarchs return to the same forests every year, with some landing on the same trees that their ancestors did years earlier. As many as one billion of these delicate creatures find their way to the mountains of Mexico each year. Towards the end of winter, the monarchs mate. The males die soon afterwards but the females fly north, depositing eggs on milkweed plants along the way. Eventually, they too will die along the journey. The eggs will hatch and the larvae will become butterflies. These insects then continue the journey north. Sadly, this regal insect is facing a number of threats to its existence. For one, scientists predict that one major effect of climate change will be wetter and colder winters. If they are dry, monarchs can survive sub-freezing temperatures, but if they're wet, they will freeze to death. Furthermore, as summers warm, habitats that are suitable for them will begin to move further and further north. This results in longer migrations. Before long, the distances may simply be too much for the insects to handle. Finally, the monarch faces extreme habitat loss in Mexico. Illegal logging there has greatly reduced the forests where the butterflies head in the winter. This problem in particular has become so serious that the International Union for Conservation of Nature listed the monarch as a "threatened phenomena." Will the monarch survive? It seems that it is up to the actions of human beings. Which of the following best rephrases the topic of the fourth paragraph of the passage?

Marie Curie Marie Curie (1867 - 1934) was a famous Polish scientist and Nobel Prize winner. While she is often regarded as an important historical figure, most people may not realize the extent of Curie's accomplishments in the scientific field, let alone the remaining impact these effects have had on modern scientific developments. Originally named Maria Sklodowska, the famous scientist was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1867. Due to her family's involvement in government affairs, the Sklodowska family suffered a significant economic loss and they were forced to give up their property during the Polish national uprisings. Despite the economic challenges faced by her family, Marie was adamant in pursuing her education and was known for her prodigious memory from a young age. After working diligently as a teacher in Poland, Marie made her way to Paris in 1891 to study at the Sorbonne (the University of Paris). Brought together by their mutual passion for science, Marie met her future husband, Pierre Curie, in 1894. Their marriage the following year marked the beginning of a series of scientific breakthroughs. The pair seemed destined to make a difference in the scientific field due to their passion for physics and chemistry. Together, they discovered two new elements: polonium and radium. Marie devoted her research towards obtaining a pure form of radium in the metallic state, but struggled to finalize the project. In the meantime, she penned the term "radioactivity" after following Henri Becquerel's discovery of the phenomenon in 1896. Soon after, Marie, along with her husband Pierre and Becquerel, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. After Pierre's sudden death in 1906, Marie continued her experiments and research mostly on her own, all while raising her two daughters, Irene and Eve. During the years after her husband's death, Curie was installed as the first female professor at the Sorbonne in 1906 and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the isolation of a pure form of radium in 1911. When it comes to Curie's varied achievements, her research on the use of X-radiography is most often hailed as her greatest, as it would later pave the way towards treating illnesses and advancing the medicinal field. Due to the nature of her research and her time as a radiologist in field hospitals, Curie was often unprotected when exposed to X-rays. Decades of this exposure lead to her death from leukemia in 1934. Despite the initial adversity and hardship faced by Curie, she contributed groundbreaking findings in the scientific field. Her immense contributions have not just made an impact when it comes to science, though. Curie is also an important symbol for women's history, as she was able to defy traditional stereotypes of women during her lifetime, and was the first woman in history to win a Nobel Prize. By realizing the hurdles that Curie faced in her early years, her desire to change the scientific field for the better, and her astounding accomplishments, one can come to truly understand and appreciate Curie's achievements. Based on the fourth paragraph, which of the following inferences can be made about Marie Curie's research practices?

Index Physical Therapy, 13, 24, 57-89      Licensing exams………………………..57-66    Appointment procedures………………67-81    Understanding bones………….………82-120 Massage Therapy, 18, 120-145      Breath work………..…………….123-138    Techniques……………….…….139-142    Connecting mind and body…….143-149 Mindfulness Techniques, 10, 150-189       Reiki Technique………..…………….168-179     Quieting the mind……………….…….180-186     Thinking peacefully…………………….187-189 Using the index above, which of the following page ranges should someone refer to for information regarding becoming a physical therapist?

From: Tom Smith (tsmith@oceansideinn.com) To: June Parker (jparker@mail.com) Subject: Response to Inquiry Date: May 30 Dear Ms. Parker, Thank you for contacting us here at the Oceanside Inn. We would be happy to provide you with accommodations for you and your family during your stay here next month. However, all of our suites are booked during the lodging dates that you requested in your email. I can offer you a possible solution. We can book your family in two rooms at the end of the hallway. The two rooms would be right next to each other, and you would have some privacy away from the other guests. Each room has its own bathroom with shower and two queen-sized beds. In addition, there is an interior door linking the two rooms to each other. We hope that these rooms will suit your needs. If so, we will be happy to book you into the rooms for five days starting on June 3rd. The rooms run for $85 per night, and we offer a 10% Drivers' Club discount, if you happen to be a member. The price includes a buffet breakfast. Would you like to proceed with this reservation? If I can be of further assistance, please let me know. Sincerely, Tom Smith Desk Manager, Oceanside Inn What did Ms. Parker most likely request in a previous correspondence?

Superhero flicks are one hot genre of movies today. And why not? After all, they're the most interesting genre of film on tap today. For the past several years, a number of the top grossing cinematic offerings have been superhero movies. But how can a genre that used to target mainly children be so popular today? One reason is that superheroes are just plain good people. They show an astonishing level of virtue and humanity, and this is easy to identify with. A superhero is the kind of person that we are or that we hope to become. Additionally, superhero origin stories often deal with death and loss, and this can evoke a sympathetic response from the audience. Take Batman, for instance. For most of his life, he has struggled with the memory of watching his parents die. And who among us hasn't felt a similar sting of loss? So in a world of evil and misfortune, people love to see their superheroes who act as symbols of virtue and who vanquish villains-as well as their own weaknesses. Which of the following is a key reason the author cites for the popularity of superhero films?

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It's time to do something about the nurdle problem. And just what is a nurdle, you might ask? Nurdles, also known as "mermaid tears," are small plastic pellets that are widely used to make all types of plastic products, from bottles to television sets. Sadly, mismanagement of these little pellets during transport and processing leads to billions being unintentionally released into rivers and oceans. With each passing year, they are becoming more and more prevalent in aquatic environments. Their small size, round shape, and variety of colors make them attractive food-easily mistaken for fish eggs and small prey. In addition, nurdles are often colonized by microbes that are dangerous to humans and sea life. A recent study of nurdles in Scotland revealed that the small plastic bits were covered with E coli, the bacterium responsible for food poisoning in mammals. Fortunately, some organizations are raising awareness of the problem. The Great Global Nurdle Hunt is a charity that encourages people to become citizen scientists and gather data on how common these pieces are. From there, we can figure out who's polluting and begin the cleanup. So let's all get out there and do some nurdle hunting-just be sure to wear your gloves! What is the author's purpose for the text?

The confusing new regulations threw the whole system out of joint.  Which of the following defines "out of joint" as used in the sentence above?

We need to face the fact that the trade deal has had little effect on the economy.  Which of the following defines "face" as it is used in the sentence above?

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever There's a silent killer stalking unsuspecting victims in the woodlands of North America. The killer is tiny-often small enough to fit on the head of a pin-but it packs a powerful punch. Who is this villain? It's a blood-sucking tick whose bite can cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in humans. RMSF is not actually caused by the tick itself. Rather, it can occur after the tick is infected with a pathogenic bacterium known as Rickettsia rickettsii. Thus, the tick is merely a vector, or carrier, of the disease-causing bacteria. Ticks that carry these bacteria are the most common source of infection. In order for the infection to be passed on from insect to human, an infected tick must attach itself to the skin for six to ten hours. Many people who are infected with Rickettsia rickettsii bacteria become sick after about one week. Others, however, might not display any symptoms of RMSF for up to fourteen days. The initial signs and symptoms are nonspecific and can mimic those of other illnesses. These include high fever, chills, severe headache, achy muscles, nausea or vomiting, and general confusion. Three to five days after these initial symptoms occur, a distinctive non-itchy rash can appear. The rash-bright red spots about five millimeters across-usually first appears on the wrists and ankles, and then spreads outwards. Nonetheless, some people never develop these spots at all, making diagnosis tricky. RMSF damages the lining of the body's smallest blood vessels, causing clots to form as well as leaks to occur. This, in turn, can cause other problems including inflammation of the brain, inflammation of the lungs, or kidney failure. In some cases, amputation of the fingers and toes may be necessary due to blood vessel damage. If left untreated, the disease can cause death. Historically, the death rate for the disease was as high as eighty percent. With modern antibiotics, there is a sure cure for the disease. Doxycycline is the recommended antibiotic treatment for RMSF in adults and children of all ages. But you can decrease the chances of getting RMSF by taking a few simple precautions. First, always wear long pants and sleeves when you're out in the woods. Products containing DEET can often repel ticks. But more than anything else, check yourself for ticks from head to toe after being in a wooded or grassy area. Still, care must be taken because ticks can be tiny and easily overlooked. Taking this step has a distinct payoff. After all, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the second paragraph?

A bakery sells exactly seven types of bread: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Choose five different types of bread to buy using the following guidelines: If type 2 is chosen, type 3 cannot be chosen. If type 4 is chosen, type 5 cannot be chosen. If type 6 is chosen, type 7 must be chosen. Which of the following combinations of bread corresponds with the directions?

The future of space travel may not lie with humans, but with robots. At the dawn of the space age, space travel required human astronauts-they were simply more capable than robots. But humans developed technology that steadily made robots more attractive. Astronauts have to breathe, eat, and drink to keep going. But robots can travel to the ends of the solar system free of such constraints. They can do more, go further, and because they don't require costly life-support systems, they can do it all more often. Of course, they still require human direction. Nevertheless, we should all look for more robotic space travelers in the future. Which of the following best rephrases the topic of the passage?

Arachnophobia: The Fear of Spiders Have you ever jumped at the unexpected sight of a black eight-legged spider? If you have, you are not alone. It has been estimated that as many as one in three women and one in four men have experienced varying degrees of arachnophobia, more commonly known as a fear of spiders. Since the term phobia means an extreme fear of a particular object or idea, not everyone who dislikes spiders has a phobia. In fact, the level of fear experienced by people with classic cases of arachnophobia includes interruptions of daily life, such as refusing to clean the house in fear of finding a spider or cobweb. Although the exact reason behind society's fear of spiders is still up to question, scientists have provided various theories that shed light on the possible reasoning behind the phenomenon. One theory, for example, dates back to our ancestors. While most spiders do not pose a serious risk to humans, they are in some way venomous, and a fear of spiders in Paleolithic times may have helped humans survive and reproduce. Other scientists, however, disagree with this theory, since fears of deadlier animals and insects (such as scorpions and tigers) are not as common as arachnophobia. Some scientists have also posited that the fear of spiders came about from negativity regarding the species that has been passed down through generations. In other words, even if most spiders aren't deadly, people have been taught to have strong, negative reactions to them throughout history. Psychologists have put forth two major cognitive-behavioral techniques (CBT) aimed at helping those experiencing the potentially debilitating effects of arachnophobia, which can include not being able to go to work or perform daily tasks. The first CBT technique, known as Cognitive Reframing, helps change the way a patient perceives various triggers. The goal of this technique is to change one's physical reaction to spiders, thus eliminating the severity of the phobia. Those who undergo this therapy are encouraged to challenge the fearful thoughts associated with spiders and replace them with positive thoughts. Systematic Desensitization, on the other hand, is a product of classical conditioning and behavioral therapy. This therapy includes relaxation techniques such as deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation, which seek to calm stressful physical responses to the phobia. In more intense cases of arachnophobia, however, antidepressant or anti-anxiety medications are prescribed as a way to coincide with the effects of CBT therapy and offer additional support. Psychologists believe that the combination of medication and CBT therapy could lead to quicker, more stable results in patients. Interestingly, virtual reality therapy, which includes fake, virtual representations of phobias, may be just as effective as traditional treatments. However, a virtual eight-legged spider is not as scary as the real thing! Which of the following statements from the passage is an opinion?

3    4     5    6    12    14     Arrange the numbers above into a pyramid with three in the bottom row, two in the middle and one on top. Follow these guidelines when placing the squares: One of the numbers in the bottom row should be odd. The two numbers in the middle have a difference of 9. The top block is a multiple of 12. Which of the following arrangements corresponds with the directions above?