Question 1

Urine volume is regulated mainly by hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and by the adrenal cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is the formula representing the Starling law of capillaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  (BHP + BCOP) - (IFCOP + IFHP) = EFP 
B)  (BHP + IFHP) - (IFCOP + BCOP) = EFP 
C)  (BHP + IFCOP) - (IFHP + BCOP) = EFP 
D)  None of the above 
A)  (BHP + BCOP) - (IFCOP + IFHP) = EFP 
B)  (BHP + IFHP) - (IFCOP + BCOP) = EFP 
C)  (BHP + IFCOP) - (IFHP + BCOP) = EFP 
D)  None of the above

Question 3

Aged individuals of either sex may have less total body water because of their:

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced kidney function. 
B)  decreased percentage of body fat. 
C)  decreased muscle mass. 
D)  Both A and B are correct. 
A)  reduced kidney function. 
B)  decreased percentage of body fat. 
C)  decreased muscle mass. 
D)  Both A and B are correct.

Question 4

List the four pressures associated with the Starling law of the capillaries. Explain what the effects are of these pressures in terms of moving fluid into or out of the capillaries.

Accepted Answer

The four pressures associated with the S

Question 5

Compare the volumes of the body fluid compartments in the infant, the adult male, and the adult female.

Accepted Answer

The volumes of body fluid compartments v

Question 6

To be effective, a diuretic (drug that increases water loss through the kidneys) should not only increase water loss but also increase sodium loss. Why?

Accepted Answer

To understand why an effective diuretic

Question 7

A solution of sodium (Na⁺, atomic weight = 23) and a solution of calcium (Ca²⁺, atomic weight = 40) have equal mg%. The mEq/L of calcium would be about _____ that of sodium.

Accepted Answer

A)  the same as 
B)  four times 
C)  twice 
D)  six times 
A)  the same as 
B)  four times 
C)  twice 
D)  six times

Question 8

In severe and prolonged water loss, the initial fluid shift will be from plasma to interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney. 
B)  blood. 
C)  lung. 
D)  adrenal glands. 
A)  kidney. 
B)  blood. 
C)  lung. 
D)  adrenal glands.

Question 10

When chloride is secreted in the urine, it is often linked with sodium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid can each be reduced to 30% before death from dehydration occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Calcium has an atomic weight of 40, and a valance of +2. A 5 mg% solution would have a milliequivalence of 1.25.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Match each term with its corresponding definition.
-Force that acts to move fluid out of the blood and into the tissue space

Accepted Answer

A) Osmoreceptors 
B) Electrolyte 
C) Intracellular 
D) Parenteral 
E) Extracellular
F)Milliequivalent
G)Cation
H)Anion
I)Interstitial
J)Blood hydrostatic pressure
K)Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure 
A) Osmoreceptors 
B) Electrolyte 
C) Intracellular 
D) Parenteral 
E) Extracellular
F)Milliequivalent
G)Cation
H)Anion
I)Interstitial
J)Blood hydrostatic pressure
K)Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

Question 14

The principle of fluid balance states that fluid intake normally equals fluid output.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The most crucial mechanisms for maintaining fluid balance adjust output to intake, as in the aldosterone mechanism and the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

If the other three forces that determine fluid movement were unchanged, an increase in blood hydrostatic pressure would cause edema.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In accordance with the physical laws governing filtration and osmosis, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood hydrostatic pressure tends to draw fluid into the capillaries from the interstitial fluid. 
B)  Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure tends to force fluid out of the capillaries and into the interstitial fluid. 
C)  Blood colloid osmotic pressure tends to draw fluid back into the capillaries. 
D)  Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure tends to draw fluid into the capillaries from the interstitial fluid. 
A)  Blood hydrostatic pressure tends to draw fluid into the capillaries from the interstitial fluid. 
B)  Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure tends to force fluid out of the capillaries and into the interstitial fluid. 
C)  Blood colloid osmotic pressure tends to draw fluid back into the capillaries. 
D)  Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure tends to draw fluid into the capillaries from the interstitial fluid.

Question 18

Angiotensin I and angiotensin II increase the secretion of aldosterone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is true of total body water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overweight people have lower water content per kilogram of body weight than slender people. 
B)  Women have higher water content than men. 
C)  Elderly people have higher water content than younger people. 
D)  Total body water ranges between 30% and 40% of the total body weight. 
A)  Overweight people have lower water content per kilogram of body weight than slender people. 
B)  Women have higher water content than men. 
C)  Elderly people have higher water content than younger people. 
D)  Total body water ranges between 30% and 40% of the total body weight.

Question 20

Plasma, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid are all examples of extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 43: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Urine volume is regulated mainly by hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and by the adrenal cortex.

Which of the following is the formula representing the Starling law of capillaries?

Aged individuals of either sex may have less total body water because of their:

List the four pressures associated with the Starling law of the capillaries. Explain what the effects are of these pressures in terms of moving fluid into or out of the capillaries.

Compare the volumes of the body fluid compartments in the infant, the adult male, and the adult female.

To be effective, a diuretic (drug that increases water loss through the kidneys) should not only increase water loss but also increase sodium loss. Why?

A solution of sodium (Na⁺, atomic weight = 23) and a solution of calcium (Ca²⁺, atomic weight = 40) have equal mg%. The mEq/L of calcium would be about _____ that of sodium.

In severe and prolonged water loss, the initial fluid shift will be from plasma to interstitial fluid.

Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I in the:

When chloride is secreted in the urine, it is often linked with sodium.

Extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid can each be reduced to 30% before death from dehydration occurs.

Calcium has an atomic weight of 40, and a valance of +2. A 5 mg% solution would have a milliequivalence of 1.25.

Match each term with its corresponding definition. -Force that acts to move fluid out of the blood and into the tissue space

The principle of fluid balance states that fluid intake normally equals fluid output.

The most crucial mechanisms for maintaining fluid balance adjust output to intake, as in the aldosterone mechanism and the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

If the other three forces that determine fluid movement were unchanged, an increase in blood hydrostatic pressure would cause edema.

In accordance with the physical laws governing filtration and osmosis, which of the following statements is true?

Angiotensin I and angiotensin II increase the secretion of aldosterone.

Which of the following is true of total body water?

Plasma, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid are all examples of extracellular fluid.

Organization of the Body

Homeostasis

Chemical Basis of Life

Biomolecules

Cell Structure

Cell Function

Cell Growth and Development

Introduction to Tissues

Tissue Types

Skin

Skeletal Tissues

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Axial Muscles

Appendicular Muscles

Muscle Contraction

Nervous System Cells

Nerve Signaling

Central Nervous System

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Autonomic Nervous System

General Senses

Special Senses

Endocrine Regulation

Endocrine Glands

Blood

Heart

Blood Vessels

Circulation of the Blood

Lymphatic System

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Stress

Respiratory Tract

Ventilation

Gas Exchange & Transport

Upper Digestive Tract

Lower Digestive Tract

Digestion and Absorption

Nutrition and Metabolism

Urinary System

Acid Base Balance

Male Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System

Growth and Development

Genetics and Heredity

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