Question 1

How is active immunity different from passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active immunity is slower in onset and shorter-lived. 
B)  Active immunity is slower in onset and longer-lived. 
C)  Active immunity is faster in onset and shorter-lived. 
D)  Active immunity is faster in onset and longer-lived. 
E)  Only active immunity involves antibodies. 
A)  Active immunity is slower in onset and shorter-lived. 
B)  Active immunity is slower in onset and longer-lived. 
C)  Active immunity is faster in onset and shorter-lived. 
D)  Active immunity is faster in onset and longer-lived. 
E)  Only active immunity involves antibodies.

Question 2

A CD4+ T cell binds to an antigen only if this antigen is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  in a complex with a class I MHC protein 
B)  in a complex with a class II MHC protein 
C)  in a complex with a class III MHC protein 
D)  not in a complex with MHC proteins 
E)  presented on the surface of a B cell 
A)  in a complex with a class I MHC protein 
B)  in a complex with a class II MHC protein 
C)  in a complex with a class III MHC protein 
D)  not in a complex with MHC proteins 
E)  presented on the surface of a B cell

Question 3

Figure 45.1
-Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The region that determines the class of antibody is indicated by number ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 4

Natural killer cells destroy target cells by releasing ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotics, which break down the target cell's membrane 
B)  perforin, which creates holes in the target cell's membrane 
C)  histamine, which signals other blood cells to aggregate 
D)  lysozyme, which breaks down the bacterium's cell wall 
E)  antibodies, which break down the bacterium's cell wall 
A)  antibiotics, which break down the target cell's membrane 
B)  perforin, which creates holes in the target cell's membrane 
C)  histamine, which signals other blood cells to aggregate 
D)  lysozyme, which breaks down the bacterium's cell wall 
E)  antibodies, which break down the bacterium's cell wall

Question 5

Which macromolecules can serve as antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins only 
B)  carbohydrates only 
C)  nucleic acids only 
D)  proteins and carbohydrates only 
E)  proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids 
A)  proteins only 
B)  carbohydrates only 
C)  nucleic acids only 
D)  proteins and carbohydrates only 
E)  proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

Question 6

All invertebrates have phagocytic cells, but lack antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

While running in a garden, a girl steps on an old board and a nail goes through her shoe and skin, causing a deep puncture wound. Which nonspecific defense mechanism will aid in protecting her from pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  ciliated epithelial cells 
B)  lysozyme 
C)  acidic skin secretions 
D)  inflammation 
E)  cytotoxic T cells 
A)  ciliated epithelial cells 
B)  lysozyme 
C)  acidic skin secretions 
D)  inflammation 
E)  cytotoxic T cells

Question 8

A dendritic cell with an antigen displayed on its surface is called a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T cell 
B)  plasma cell 
C)  antigen presenting cell 
D)  major histocompatibility complex 
E)  CD4+ T cell 
A)  cytotoxic T cell 
B)  plasma cell 
C)  antigen presenting cell 
D)  major histocompatibility complex 
E)  CD4+ T cell

Question 9

The secondary immune response is ____ than the primary immune response because the secondary immune response ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  more rapid; does not require B or T cells 
B)  more rapid; involves memory B and T cells that have been stored 
C)  slower; requires initiation of clonal selection of new B and T cells 
D)  slower; requires more antigen than the primary immune response 
E)  more rapid; is less specific than the primary immune response 
A)  more rapid; does not require B or T cells 
B)  more rapid; involves memory B and T cells that have been stored 
C)  slower; requires initiation of clonal selection of new B and T cells 
D)  slower; requires more antigen than the primary immune response 
E)  more rapid; is less specific than the primary immune response

Question 10

Which immune cells are long-lived cells that can respond to a later encounter with the same antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  helper T cells 
B)  plasma cells 
C)  dendritic cells 
D)  memory cells 
E)  cytotoxic T cells 
A)  helper T cells 
B)  plasma cells 
C)  dendritic cells 
D)  memory cells 
E)  cytotoxic T cells

Question 11

The leukocytes that are central to adaptive immunity are the____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lymphocytes 
B)  macrophages 
C)  neutrophils 
D)  mast cells 
E)  eosinophils 
A)  lymphocytes 
B)  macrophages 
C)  neutrophils 
D)  mast cells 
E)  eosinophils

Question 12

How is adaptive immunity different from innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptive immunity is less effective than innate immunity. 
B)  Adaptive immunity is nonspecific; innate immunity is specific. 
C)  Adaptive immunity is immediate; innate immunity is slower acting. 
D)  Adaptive immunity has memory; innate immunity does not. 
E)  Adaptive immunity is the first line of defense; innate immunity is the second line of defense. 
A)  Adaptive immunity is less effective than innate immunity. 
B)  Adaptive immunity is nonspecific; innate immunity is specific. 
C)  Adaptive immunity is immediate; innate immunity is slower acting. 
D)  Adaptive immunity has memory; innate immunity does not. 
E)  Adaptive immunity is the first line of defense; innate immunity is the second line of defense.

Question 13

B-cell receptors on B cells are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG molecules only 
B)  IgE molecules only 
C)  IgD or IgE molecules 
D)  IgM or IgD molecules 
E)  IgM molecules only 
A)  IgG molecules only 
B)  IgE molecules only 
C)  IgD or IgE molecules 
D)  IgM or IgD molecules 
E)  IgM molecules only

Question 14

Helper T cells secrete ____, which activate B cells and stimulate their proliferation.

Accepted Answer

A)  antigens 
B)  allergens 
C)  antibodies 
D)  interferons 
E)  interleukins 
A)  antigens 
B)  allergens 
C)  antibodies 
D)  interferons 
E)  interleukins

Question 15

The complement system is a group of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  vaccines 
B)  defense proteins 
C)  antibodies 
D)  antibiotics 
E)  lymphocytes 
A)  vaccines 
B)  defense proteins 
C)  antibodies 
D)  antibiotics 
E)  lymphocytes

Question 16

Which defense mechanism(s) is/are found in invertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytes and antibodies 
B)  lysozyme and antibodies 
C)  antibodies only 
D)  phagocytes and lysozyme 
E)  phagocytes, lysozyme, and antibodies 
A)  phagocytes and antibodies 
B)  lysozyme and antibodies 
C)  antibodies only 
D)  phagocytes and lysozyme 
E)  phagocytes, lysozyme, and antibodies

Question 17

An epitope is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the antigen binding site of an antibody molecule 
B)  found only in IgG and IgM 
C)  part of an antigen that binds to a specific antibody 
D)  too small to stimulate an immune response 
E)  a complement protein that initiates lysis of target cells 
A)  the antigen binding site of an antibody molecule 
B)  found only in IgG and IgM 
C)  part of an antigen that binds to a specific antibody 
D)  too small to stimulate an immune response 
E)  a complement protein that initiates lysis of target cells

Question 18

Antibodies are classified as____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleoproteins 
B)  immunoglobulins 
C)  steroids 
D)  carbohydrates 
E)  lipids 
A)  nucleoproteins 
B)  immunoglobulins 
C)  steroids 
D)  carbohydrates 
E)  lipids

Question 19

Match between columns
                        Premises: The major component of the secondary immune response
The most abundant in blood
Crosses the placenta
The first to be produced in response to an antigenic stimulus
Serves as a B-cell receptor but is not the first antibody produced during an immune response
Found mainly in secretions
Plays major role in the allergic response
Transferred from mother to baby through breast milk
Secreted by plasma cells of the skin and tissues lining the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts

Accepted Answer

The Answer of IgA and IgM and IgE and IgG is...

Question 20

Molecules that regulate defense responses via signal transduction pathways are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  complement proteins 
B)  histamines 
C)  macrophages 
D)  cytokines 
E)  defensins 
A)  complement proteins 
B)  histamines 
C)  macrophages 
D)  cytokines 
E)  defensins

Exam 45: Defenses Against Disease

How is active immunity different from passive immunity?

A CD4+ T cell binds to an antigen only if this antigen is ____.

Figure 45.1 -Answer the question using the accompanying figure. The region that determines the class of antibody is indicated by number ____.

Natural killer cells destroy target cells by releasing ____.

Which macromolecules can serve as antigens?

All invertebrates have phagocytic cells, but lack antibodies.

While running in a garden, a girl steps on an old board and a nail goes through her shoe and skin, causing a deep puncture wound. Which nonspecific defense mechanism will aid in protecting her from pathogens?

A dendritic cell with an antigen displayed on its surface is called a(n) ____.

The secondary immune response is ____ than the primary immune response because the secondary immune response ____.

Which immune cells are long-lived cells that can respond to a later encounter with the same antigen?

The leukocytes that are central to adaptive immunity are the____.

How is adaptive immunity different from innate immunity?

B-cell receptors on B cells are ____.

Helper T cells secrete ____, which activate B cells and stimulate their proliferation.

The complement system is a group of ____.

Which defense mechanism(s) is/are found in invertebrates?

An epitope is ____.

Antibodies are classified as____.

Molecules that regulate defense responses via signal transduction pathways are called ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

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The secondary immune response is than the primary immune response because the secondary immune response .