Question 1

A typical primary response to an antigen peaks at about____.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-two days 
B)  four-five days 
C)  two weeks 
D)  two months 
E)  four months 
A)  one-two days 
B)  four-five days 
C)  two weeks 
D)  two months 
E)  four months

Question 2

Immunological tolerance refers to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased immune system response to latent viruses 
B)  decreased immune system response to nonpathogenic bacteria 
C)  decreased tolerance of the body for pathogens it has already encountered 
D)  desensitization to allergens to lessen allergic responses 
E)  protection of the body's own molecules from attack by its immune system 
A)  decreased immune system response to latent viruses 
B)  decreased immune system response to nonpathogenic bacteria 
C)  decreased tolerance of the body for pathogens it has already encountered 
D)  desensitization to allergens to lessen allergic responses 
E)  protection of the body's own molecules from attack by its immune system

Question 3

The main antibody present during the primary immune response is____.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE 
B)  IgA 
C)  IgD 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgM 
A)  IgE 
B)  IgA 
C)  IgD 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgM

Question 4

The immune system consists of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  physical barriers only 
B)  innate immunity only 
C)  adaptive immunity only 
D)  innate and adaptive immunity only 
E)  physical barriers, innate immunity, and adaptive immunity 
A)  physical barriers only 
B)  innate immunity only 
C)  adaptive immunity only 
D)  innate and adaptive immunity only 
E)  physical barriers, innate immunity, and adaptive immunity

Question 5

Histamine ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  causes blood vessels to contract 
B)  causes capillaries to lose their permeability 
C)  causes an outward flow of fluids from the capillaries 
D)  reduces tissue swelling 
E)  causes cells to release interferons 
A)  causes blood vessels to contract 
B)  causes capillaries to lose their permeability 
C)  causes an outward flow of fluids from the capillaries 
D)  reduces tissue swelling 
E)  causes cells to release interferons

Question 6

Moths have an immunoglobulin-family protein called ____, which binds to pathogens and enhances their phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  hemolysin 
B)  cadherin 
C)  interleukin 
D)  hemolin 
E)  defensin 
A)  hemolysin 
B)  cadherin 
C)  interleukin 
D)  hemolin 
E)  defensin

Question 7

A CD8+ T cell binds to an antigen only if this antigen is____.

Accepted Answer

A)  in a complex with a class I MHC protein 
B)  in a complex with a class II MHC protein 
C)  in a complex with a class III MHC protein 
D)  not in a complex with MHC proteins 
E)  presented on the surface of a B cell 
A)  in a complex with a class I MHC protein 
B)  in a complex with a class II MHC protein 
C)  in a complex with a class III MHC protein 
D)  not in a complex with MHC proteins 
E)  presented on the surface of a B cell

Question 8

Which symptoms are characteristic of the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  pain only 
B)  swelling only 
C)  tenderness and swelling only 
D)  pain and heat only 
E)  pain, swelling, tenderness, and heat 
A)  pain only 
B)  swelling only 
C)  tenderness and swelling only 
D)  pain and heat only 
E)  pain, swelling, tenderness, and heat

Question 9

Edward Jenner infected individuals with ____ to protect them from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  chickenpox; smallpox 
B)  smallpox; chickenpox 
C)  smallpox; cowpox 
D)  cowpox; smallpox 
E)  cowpox; chickenpox 
A)  chickenpox; smallpox 
B)  smallpox; chickenpox 
C)  smallpox; cowpox 
D)  cowpox; smallpox 
E)  cowpox; chickenpox

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: NK cell
monocyte
dendritic cell
CD8+ cell
eosinophil
plasma cell
hybridoma
CD4+ cell
neutrophil
mast cell

Accepted Answer

The Answer of induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells and differentiates is...

Question 11

According to a 2003 study performed by Michelle Khan and her coworkers, the rate of cervical cancer appears to be the greatest when women are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive for HPV16 
B)  negative for HPV16 but positive for HPV18 
C)  negative for HPV16/18 but positive for other cancer-causing HPV 
D)  negative for all cancer-causing HPV 
E)  positive for HIV 
A)  positive for HPV16 
B)  negative for HPV16 but positive for HPV18 
C)  negative for HPV16/18 but positive for other cancer-causing HPV 
D)  negative for all cancer-causing HPV 
E)  positive for HIV

Question 12

B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A foreign molecule that triggers an adaptive immune response is called a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lymphocyte 
B)  antibody 
C)  antigen 
D)  chemokine 
E)  pyrogen 
A)  lymphocyte 
B)  antibody 
C)  antigen 
D)  chemokine 
E)  pyrogen

Question 14

You had a cold last month and you caught another one this month from your brother. What is the most likely reason for this happening?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory cells were not formed as a response to the first cold. 
B)  The antibodies formed as a response to the first cold were degraded. 
C)  The two cold viruses are different. 
D)  Your macrophages are unable to perform phagocytosis. 
E)  Your antigen-presenting cells do not recognize the second cold virus. 
A)  Memory cells were not formed as a response to the first cold. 
B)  The antibodies formed as a response to the first cold were degraded. 
C)  The two cold viruses are different. 
D)  Your macrophages are unable to perform phagocytosis. 
E)  Your antigen-presenting cells do not recognize the second cold virus.

Question 15

The inherited mechanisms that protect the body from pathogens are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the immune system 
B)  vaccination 
C)  restriction endonucleases 
D)  the pathogen defense system 
E)  immunological tolerance 
A)  the immune system 
B)  vaccination 
C)  restriction endonucleases 
D)  the pathogen defense system 
E)  immunological tolerance

Question 16

Invertebrates have an adaptive immune and an innate immune system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A patient's serum is analyzed and found to have an abnormally low level of CD8 molecules. This suggests that the patient has insufficient numbers of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages 
B)  B cells 
C)  cytotoxic T cells 
D)  helper T cells 
E)  NK cells 
A)  macrophages 
B)  B cells 
C)  cytotoxic T cells 
D)  helper T cells 
E)  NK cells

Question 18

Anaphylactic shock ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  involves IgG antibodies rather than IgE antibodies 
B)  can occur the first time an individual is exposed to an allergen 
C)  involves the release of antihistamine from mast cells 
D)  results from HIV infection 
E)  is a life-threatening condition resulting from severe inflammation 
A)  involves IgG antibodies rather than IgE antibodies 
B)  can occur the first time an individual is exposed to an allergen 
C)  involves the release of antihistamine from mast cells 
D)  results from HIV infection 
E)  is a life-threatening condition resulting from severe inflammation

Question 19

What is clonal selection with regard to B cells? How does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Clonal selection is the process by which

Question 20

During inflammation, tissue damage activates ____, which release ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T cells; cytokines 
B)  macrophages; histamine 
C)  mast cells; histamine 
D)  neutrophils; cytokines 
E)  eosinophils; chemokines 
A)  cytotoxic T cells; cytokines 
B)  macrophages; histamine 
C)  mast cells; histamine 
D)  neutrophils; cytokines 
E)  eosinophils; chemokines

Exam 45: Defenses Against Disease

A typical primary response to an antigen peaks at about____.

Immunological tolerance refers to ____.

The main antibody present during the primary immune response is____.

The immune system consists of ____.

Histamine ____.

Moths have an immunoglobulin-family protein called ____, which binds to pathogens and enhances their phagocytosis.

A CD8+ T cell binds to an antigen only if this antigen is____.

Which symptoms are characteristic of the inflammatory response?

Edward Jenner infected individuals with ____ to protect them from ____.

According to a 2003 study performed by Michelle Khan and her coworkers, the rate of cervical cancer appears to be the greatest when women are ____.

B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibodies.

A foreign molecule that triggers an adaptive immune response is called a(n)____.

You had a cold last month and you caught another one this month from your brother. What is the most likely reason for this happening?

The inherited mechanisms that protect the body from pathogens are called ____.

Invertebrates have an adaptive immune and an innate immune system.

A patient's serum is analyzed and found to have an abnormally low level of CD8 molecules. This suggests that the patient has insufficient numbers of ____.

Anaphylactic shock ____.

What is clonal selection with regard to B cells? How does it occur?

During inflammation, tissue damage activates ____, which release ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Edward Jenner infected individuals with to protect them from .

During inflammation, tissue damage activates , which release .