Question 1

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to produce many copies of a specific DNA sequence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Because ____ character states are shared by the ingroup and the outgroup, phylogenetic trees are constructed by cladistic analyses that group species that share only ____ character states.

Accepted Answer

A)  derived; derived 
B)  nongenetic; genetic 
C)  derived; ancestral 
D)  ancestral; genetic 
E)  ancestral; derived 
A)  derived; derived 
B)  nongenetic; genetic 
C)  derived; ancestral 
D)  ancestral; genetic 
E)  ancestral; derived

Question 3

On a phylogenetic tree for Anthropoidea, the clade that includes ____ and the clade that includes ____ are sister taxa because they emerged from a common node.

Accepted Answer

A)  chimpanzees; orangutans 
B)  orangutans; humans 
C)  gorillas; chimpanzees 
D)  gorillas; both chimpanzees and humans 
E)  old world monkeys; both chimpanzees and humans 
A)  chimpanzees; orangutans 
B)  orangutans; humans 
C)  gorillas; chimpanzees 
D)  gorillas; both chimpanzees and humans 
E)  old world monkeys; both chimpanzees and humans

Question 4

Homoplasies are the result of convergent evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A group that contains species from separate evolutionary lineages is considered ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  paraphyletic 
B)  polyphyletic 
C)  monophyletic 
D)  haplophyletic 
E)  multiphyletic 
A)  paraphyletic 
B)  polyphyletic 
C)  monophyletic 
D)  haplophyletic 
E)  multiphyletic

Question 6

Phenotypic similarities that provide no information about shared ancestry because they are not inherited from a common ancestor are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  homologies 
B)  homoplasies 
C)  morphological 
D)  anatomical 
E)  physiological 
A)  homologies 
B)  homoplasies 
C)  morphological 
D)  anatomical 
E)  physiological

Question 7

Which list of taxonomic levels is in the correct order, from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

A)  domain - kingdom - phylum - class 
B)  species - kingdom - family - order 
C)  genus - family - order - species 
D)  phylum - genus - family - species 
E)  kingdom - family - class - order 
A)  domain - kingdom - phylum - class 
B)  species - kingdom - family - order 
C)  genus - family - order - species 
D)  phylum - genus - family - species 
E)  kingdom - family - class - order

Question 8

Clues to evolutionary relationships are provided by differences in DNA sequences resulting from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  insertions only 
B)  deletions only 
C)  substitutions only 
D)  both insertions and deletions 
E)  insertions, deletions, and substitutions 
A)  insertions only 
B)  deletions only 
C)  substitutions only 
D)  both insertions and deletions 
E)  insertions, deletions, and substitutions

Question 9

Carolus Linnaeus developed a classification system for organisms based on their DNA sequences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: phenotypic similarities that arose independently in different lineages
similarities in characters that arose from shared ancestry

Accepted Answer

The Answer of homology and taxonomy and synapomorphy and homoplasy is...

Question 11

The movement of genetic material between organisms by any mechanism other than descent is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lateral gene substitution 
B)  polyphyly 
C)  hybridization 
D)  cloning 
E)  horizontal gene transfer 
A)  lateral gene substitution 
B)  polyphyly 
C)  hybridization 
D)  cloning 
E)  horizontal gene transfer

Question 12

Behavioral traits are useful in differentiating species because behaviors ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are never genetically determined 
B)  related to mating may create prezygotic isolation 
C)  of fossilized specimens are easy to infer 
D)  are independent of morphological characteristics 
E)  are always learned 
A)  are never genetically determined 
B)  related to mating may create prezygotic isolation 
C)  of fossilized specimens are easy to infer 
D)  are independent of morphological characteristics 
E)  are always learned

Question 13

Influencing the philosophy and analysis of many systematists in the mid-1900s, ____ published Phylogenetic Systematics , arguing that classifications should be based solely on evolutionary relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)  Carolus Linnaeus 
B)  Willi Hennig 
C)  Gregor Mendel 
D)  Charles Darwin 
E)  Ernst Mayr 
A)  Carolus Linnaeus 
B)  Willi Hennig 
C)  Gregor Mendel 
D)  Charles Darwin 
E)  Ernst Mayr

Question 14

To identify the optimal phylogenetic tree from multiple potential trees, many systematists use the ____ , which states that the simplest plausible explanation of any phenomenon is the best.

Accepted Answer

A)  maximum likelihood method 
B)  principle of parsimony 
C)  genetic distance method 
D)  gradual phyletic hypothesis 
E)  punctuated equilibrium hypothesis 
A)  maximum likelihood method 
B)  principle of parsimony 
C)  genetic distance method 
D)  gradual phyletic hypothesis 
E)  punctuated equilibrium hypothesis

Question 15

In the system of binomial nomenclature, species are assigned a two-part name: the first part is the ____ and the second part is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  species; genus 
B)  genus; specific epithet 
C)  species; family 
D)  genus; family 
E)  family; species 
A)  species; genus 
B)  genus; specific epithet 
C)  species; family 
D)  genus; family 
E)  family; species

Question 16

Common names for a species may vary widely among different groups of people who use those names, and thus are not reliable for scientific use.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Match between columns
                        Premises: a derived character state found in two or more species

Accepted Answer

The Answer of cladistics and monophyletic taxon and domain and is...

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: mutation rate that indexes time of divergence among related groups

Accepted Answer

The Answer of outgroup and molecular clock and synapomorphy and is...

Question 19

Traditional evolutionary systematics used the Linnaean system of classification.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Comparison of the wings of birds and the wings of bats reveals that they____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are completely homologous structures 
B)  are completely analogous structures 
C)  are completely homoplastic structures 
D)  are vestigial structures 
E)  have homoplastic and homologous components 
A)  are completely homologous structures 
B)  are completely analogous structures 
C)  are completely homoplastic structures 
D)  are vestigial structures 
E)  have homoplastic and homologous components

Exam 24: Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to produce many copies of a specific DNA sequence.

Because ____ character states are shared by the ingroup and the outgroup, phylogenetic trees are constructed by cladistic analyses that group species that share only ____ character states.

On a phylogenetic tree for Anthropoidea, the clade that includes ____ and the clade that includes ____ are sister taxa because they emerged from a common node.

Homoplasies are the result of convergent evolution.

A group that contains species from separate evolutionary lineages is considered ____.

Phenotypic similarities that provide no information about shared ancestry because they are not inherited from a common ancestor are ____.

Which list of taxonomic levels is in the correct order, from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Clues to evolutionary relationships are provided by differences in DNA sequences resulting from ____.

Carolus Linnaeus developed a classification system for organisms based on their DNA sequences.

The movement of genetic material between organisms by any mechanism other than descent is known as ____.

Behavioral traits are useful in differentiating species because behaviors ____.

Influencing the philosophy and analysis of many systematists in the mid-1900s, ____ published Phylogenetic Systematics , arguing that classifications should be based solely on evolutionary relationships.

To identify the optimal phylogenetic tree from multiple potential trees, many systematists use the ____ , which states that the simplest plausible explanation of any phenomenon is the best.

In the system of binomial nomenclature, species are assigned a two-part name: the first part is the ____ and the second part is the ____.

Common names for a species may vary widely among different groups of people who use those names, and thus are not reliable for scientific use.

Traditional evolutionary systematics used the Linnaean system of classification.

Comparison of the wings of birds and the wings of bats reveals that they____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Because character states are shared by the ingroup and the outgroup, phylogenetic trees are constructed by cladistic analyses that group species that share only character states.

On a phylogenetic tree for Anthropoidea, the clade that includes and the clade that includes are sister taxa because they emerged from a common node.

In the system of binomial nomenclature, species are assigned a two-part name: the first part is the and the second part is the .