Question 1

If an operon is regulated by ____ control, genes are ____ by a regulatory protein called a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive; on unless they are switched off; repressor 
B)  negative; off unless they are switched on; repressor 
C)  negative; on unless they are switched off; repressor 
D)  positive; off unless they are switched on; repressor 
E)  positive; on unless they are switched off; activator 
A)  positive; on unless they are switched off; repressor 
B)  negative; off unless they are switched on; repressor 
C)  negative; on unless they are switched off; repressor 
D)  positive; off unless they are switched on; repressor 
E)  positive; on unless they are switched off; activator

Question 2

Transcription factors that control genes for developmental events are encoded by ____ genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  transcriptomes 
B)  domestic 
C)  master regulatory 
D)  elevator 
E)  secretory 
A)  transcriptomes 
B)  domestic 
C)  master regulatory 
D)  elevator 
E)  secretory

Question 3

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between RNAi, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and miRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  They all describe different methods of post-translational gene regulation. 
B)  miRNAs are classified into two types: RNAi molecules and siRNAs. 
C)  RNAi occurs in two ways: by miRNAs or by siRNAs. 
D)  RNAi is accomplished by siRNA and miRNA, but only siRNAs are cleaved by Dicer proteins. 
E)  miRNAs are transcribed from viruses, while siRNAs are transcribed from nuclear DNA; both are types of RNAi. 
A)  They all describe different methods of post-translational gene regulation. 
B)  miRNAs are classified into two types: RNAi molecules and siRNAs. 
C)  RNAi occurs in two ways: by miRNAs or by siRNAs. 
D)  RNAi is accomplished by siRNA and miRNA, but only siRNAs are cleaved by Dicer proteins. 
E)  miRNAs are transcribed from viruses, while siRNAs are transcribed from nuclear DNA; both are types of RNAi.

Question 4

When a(n) ____ by mutation, it confers a selective growth advantage to the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  tumor suppressor gene is activated 
B)  oncogene is inactivated 
C)  proto-oncogene is inactivated 
D)  tumor suppressor gene is inactivated 
E)  apoptosis gene is activated 
A)  tumor suppressor gene is activated 
B)  oncogene is inactivated 
C)  proto-oncogene is inactivated 
D)  tumor suppressor gene is inactivated 
E)  apoptosis gene is activated

Question 5

The trp operon is an example of a(n) ____ operon where tryptophan acts as a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inducible; inducer 
B)  inducible; activator 
C)  repressible; corepressor 
D)  repressible; repressor 
E)  repressible; inducer 
A)  inducible; inducer 
B)  inducible; activator 
C)  repressible; corepressor 
D)  repressible; repressor 
E)  repressible; inducer

Question 6

Match between columns
                        Premises: lacY
operator
lacI
transcription termination site
transcription initiation site
Lac repressor
lacZ
lac operon
lacA
RNA polymerase
promoter

Accepted Answer

The Answer of f and d and c and g is...

Question 7

The E. coli lac operon encodes three genes. These genes ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cleave lactose into glucose and galactose, produce transacetylase, and actively transport lactose into the cell 
B)  encode an enzyme that cleaves glucose, a transport protein for active transport, and a transacetylase enzyme for solubilizing lactose in the cytosol 
C)  encode an enzyme that cleaves lactose, a transport protein for active transport of lactose, and a transacetylase enzyme whose function is unknown 
D)  catalyze the synthesis of lactose from glucose and galactose, produce transacetylase, and actively export lactose from the cell 
E)  directly interact with the Lac repressor and initiate their own transcription 
A)  cleave lactose into glucose and galactose, produce transacetylase, and actively transport lactose into the cell 
B)  encode an enzyme that cleaves glucose, a transport protein for active transport, and a transacetylase enzyme for solubilizing lactose in the cytosol 
C)  encode an enzyme that cleaves lactose, a transport protein for active transport of lactose, and a transacetylase enzyme whose function is unknown 
D)  catalyze the synthesis of lactose from glucose and galactose, produce transacetylase, and actively export lactose from the cell 
E)  directly interact with the Lac repressor and initiate their own transcription

Question 8

Other than the proteins that they encode, what is a major difference between cell-specific and housekeeping genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell-specific genes are expressed only in a single cell type; housekeeping genes are expressed in all cell types. 
B)  Cell-specific genes have promoter proximal elements and enhancers; housekeeping genes have only promoter proximal elements. 
C)  Cell-specific genes have promoter proximal elements that use cell-specific activators; housekeeping genes use "universal" activators found in all cells. 
D)  Cell-specific genes are only found in certain cell types; housekeeping genes are found in all cell types. 
E)  Cell-specific genes have promoter proximal elements that use "universal" activators found in all cells; housekeeping genes have promoter proximal elements that respond only to cell-specific activators. 
A)  Cell-specific genes are expressed only in a single cell type; housekeeping genes are expressed in all cell types. 
B)  Cell-specific genes have promoter proximal elements and enhancers; housekeeping genes have only promoter proximal elements. 
C)  Cell-specific genes have promoter proximal elements that use cell-specific activators; housekeeping genes use "universal" activators found in all cells. 
D)  Cell-specific genes are only found in certain cell types; housekeeping genes are found in all cell types. 
E)  Cell-specific genes have promoter proximal elements that use "universal" activators found in all cells; housekeeping genes have promoter proximal elements that respond only to cell-specific activators.

Question 9

The expression of any gene can be _______ using ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  knocked out completely; miRNA 
B)  knocked out completely; siRNA 
C)  knocked out completely; RNAi 
D)  knocked down to low levels; RNAi 
E)  knocked down to low levels; siRNA, but not miRNA 
A)  knocked out completely; miRNA 
B)  knocked out completely; siRNA 
C)  knocked out completely; RNAi 
D)  knocked down to low levels; RNAi 
E)  knocked down to low levels; siRNA, but not miRNA

Question 10

In prokaryotes, high levels of cAMP ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are present when glucose levels are high 
B)  are present when glucose levels are low 
C)  negatively regulate the lac operon 
D)  promote CAP production 
E)  lead to CAP degradation 
A)  are present when glucose levels are high 
B)  are present when glucose levels are low 
C)  negatively regulate the lac operon 
D)  promote CAP production 
E)  lead to CAP degradation

Question 11

Oncogenes are ____ to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  dominant; proto-oncogenes 
B)  recessive; proto-oncogenes 
C)  incompletely dominant; proto-oncogenes 
D)  dominant; tumor suppressor genes 
E)  recessive; tumor suppressor genes 
A)  dominant; proto-oncogenes 
B)  recessive; proto-oncogenes 
C)  incompletely dominant; proto-oncogenes 
D)  dominant; tumor suppressor genes 
E)  recessive; tumor suppressor genes

Question 12

Regulatory proteins bind to the ____ of a gene operon.

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription unit only 
B)  promoter only 
C)  operator only 
D)  transcription unit and promoter 
E)  operator and promoter 
A)  transcription unit only 
B)  promoter only 
C)  operator only 
D)  transcription unit and promoter 
E)  operator and promoter

Question 13

Assume that a bacterial cell produces a Lac repressor that is able to bind to the operator sequence of the lac operon, but cannot bind allolactose. Explain the effect on transcription of the lac operon in the presence and absence of lactose.

Accepted Answer

The Lac repressor binds the operator in

Question 14

Compare DNA methylation to histone acetylation.

Accepted Answer

DNA methylation and histone acetylation

Question 15

Explain the concept of combinatorial gene regulation in eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

Gene transcription is activated by the b

Question 16

Match between columns
                        Premises: promoter
activators
coactivator multiprotein complex
RNA polymerase
transcription initiation site
proximal promoter region
enhancer

Accepted Answer

The Answer of b and g and a and d is...

Question 17

An unmutated version of an oncogene in a normal cell is called a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  growth-inhibiting factor gene 
B)  driver gene 
C)  proto-oncogene 
D)  pre-oncogene 
E)  tumor suppressor gene 
A)  growth-inhibiting factor gene 
B)  driver gene 
C)  proto-oncogene 
D)  pre-oncogene 
E)  tumor suppressor gene

Question 18

How is lac operon transcription regulated by the presence or absence of lactose?

Accepted Answer

A)  When lactose is available, the repressor will bind to allolactose instead of blocking RNA polymerase by binding to the operator. 
B)  When lactose is not available, the repressor will bind to the promoter and block RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter. 
C)  When lactose is not available, the repressor will bind to allolactose. 
D)  When lactose is available, allolactose is produced and binds to the operator, blocking RNA polymerase. 
E)  In the absence of lactose, transcription occurs at a low level, resulting in the production of allolactose, which, in turn, stimulates the cell to take up lactose. 
A)  When lactose is available, the repressor will bind to allolactose instead of blocking RNA polymerase by binding to the operator. 
B)  When lactose is not available, the repressor will bind to the promoter and block RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter. 
C)  When lactose is not available, the repressor will bind to allolactose. 
D)  When lactose is available, allolactose is produced and binds to the operator, blocking RNA polymerase. 
E)  In the absence of lactose, transcription occurs at a low level, resulting in the production of allolactose, which, in turn, stimulates the cell to take up lactose.

Question 19

In RNAi, imperfect pairing of miRNA to target mRNA results in ____ or ____, while perfect pairing of miRNA to target mRNA causes ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking transcription of the target mRNA; a shorter half-life for the mRNA; mRNA degradation 
B)  blocking translation of the target mRNA; a shorter half-life for the mRNA; mRNA degradation 
C)  recruitment of siRNA; a shorter half-life for the mRNA; blocking translation of the target mRNA 
D)  mRNA degradation; a longer half-life for the mRNA; recruitment of siRNA 
E)  blocking target mRNA transcription; blocking translation of the target mRNA; a longer half-life for the mRNA 
A)  blocking transcription of the target mRNA; a shorter half-life for the mRNA; mRNA degradation 
B)  blocking translation of the target mRNA; a shorter half-life for the mRNA; mRNA degradation 
C)  recruitment of siRNA; a shorter half-life for the mRNA; blocking translation of the target mRNA 
D)  mRNA degradation; a longer half-life for the mRNA; recruitment of siRNA 
E)  blocking target mRNA transcription; blocking translation of the target mRNA; a longer half-life for the mRNA

Question 20

If the lacI repressor gene were permanently silenced by a DNA mutation, what would be the impact on the expression of the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lac operon would only be expressed if glucose were absent. 
B)  The lac operon would always be expressed. 
C)  There would be no impact on lac operon expression. 
D)  The lac operon would only be expressed when lactose was present. 
E)  The lac operon would never be expressed. 
A)  The lac operon would only be expressed if glucose were absent. 
B)  The lac operon would always be expressed. 
C)  There would be no impact on lac operon expression. 
D)  The lac operon would only be expressed when lactose was present. 
E)  The lac operon would never be expressed.

Exam 16: Regulation of Gene Expression

If an operon is regulated by ____ control, genes are ____ by a regulatory protein called a ____.

Transcription factors that control genes for developmental events are encoded by ____ genes.

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between RNAi, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and miRNA?

When a(n) ____ by mutation, it confers a selective growth advantage to the cell.

The trp operon is an example of a(n) ____ operon where tryptophan acts as a(n) ____.

The E. coli lac operon encodes three genes. These genes ____.

Other than the proteins that they encode, what is a major difference between cell-specific and housekeeping genes?

The expression of any gene can be _______ using ____.

In prokaryotes, high levels of cAMP ____.

Oncogenes are ____ to ____.

Regulatory proteins bind to the ____ of a gene operon.

Assume that a bacterial cell produces a Lac repressor that is able to bind to the operator sequence of the lac operon, but cannot bind allolactose. Explain the effect on transcription of the lac operon in the presence and absence of lactose.

Compare DNA methylation to histone acetylation.

Explain the concept of combinatorial gene regulation in eukaryotes.

An unmutated version of an oncogene in a normal cell is called a ____.

How is lac operon transcription regulated by the presence or absence of lactose?

In RNAi, imperfect pairing of miRNA to target mRNA results in ____ or ____, while perfect pairing of miRNA to target mRNA causes ____.

If the lacI repressor gene were permanently silenced by a DNA mutation, what would be the impact on the expression of the lac operon?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

If an operon is regulated by control, genes are by a regulatory protein called a .

The trp operon is an example of a(n) operon where tryptophan acts as a(n) .

The expression of any gene can be ___ using .

Oncogenes are to .

In RNAi, imperfect pairing of miRNA to target mRNA results in or , while perfect pairing of miRNA to target mRNA causes .