Question 1

A driver gene ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  contains a driver mutation that does not affect gene expression 
B)  does not have any effect on cancer progression 
C)  contains a driver mutation that causes apoptosis in normal cells 
D)  contains a driver mutation or is expressed abnormally and confers a growth advantage on the cell 
E)  is the unmutated form of a proto-oncogene 
A)  contains a driver mutation that does not affect gene expression 
B)  does not have any effect on cancer progression 
C)  contains a driver mutation that causes apoptosis in normal cells 
D)  contains a driver mutation or is expressed abnormally and confers a growth advantage on the cell 
E)  is the unmutated form of a proto-oncogene

Question 2

In the lac operon, CAP binding to the CAP site of the promoter ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs when glucose is present 
B)  inhibits RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter 
C)  occurs when cAMP is absent 
D)  helps the repressor protein bind to the operator 
E)  enables RNA polymerase to transcribe the operon's genes 
A)  occurs when glucose is present 
B)  inhibits RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter 
C)  occurs when cAMP is absent 
D)  helps the repressor protein bind to the operator 
E)  enables RNA polymerase to transcribe the operon's genes

Question 3

Gene silencing ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot be inherited 
B)  occurs when DNA is methylated 
C)  occurs due to histone acetylation 
D)  is an example of posttranscriptional regulation 
E)  occurs only on the X chromosome 
A)  cannot be inherited 
B)  occurs when DNA is methylated 
C)  occurs due to histone acetylation 
D)  is an example of posttranscriptional regulation 
E)  occurs only on the X chromosome

Question 4

Variations in pre-mRNA processing, such as in ____, can determine which ____ are made in cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  alternative splicing; proteins 
B)  exon shuffling; proteins 
C)  alternative splicing; transcripts 
D)  histone modifications; transcripts 
E)  genomic imprinting; transcripts 
A)  alternative splicing; proteins 
B)  exon shuffling; proteins 
C)  alternative splicing; transcripts 
D)  histone modifications; transcripts 
E)  genomic imprinting; transcripts

Question 5

Which statement about eukaryotic gene organization and regulation is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is only one promoter for each gene. 
B)  There is only one transcription start site (TSS) for each gene. 
C)  A gene may have more than one promoter and more than one transcription start site (TSS). 
D)  Transcription start sites (TSSs) are highly evolutionarily conserved. 
E)  Data shows there are more genes than promoters in the human genome. 
A)  There is only one promoter for each gene. 
B)  There is only one transcription start site (TSS) for each gene. 
C)  A gene may have more than one promoter and more than one transcription start site (TSS). 
D)  Transcription start sites (TSSs) are highly evolutionarily conserved. 
E)  Data shows there are more genes than promoters in the human genome.

Question 6

The primary difference between individual nucleated cells in a developing zygote is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic code of each cell 
B)  differential expression of housekeeping genes 
C)  differential expression of regulated genes 
D)  number of chromosomes present in the nucleus 
E)  presence or absence of gene regulatory sequences 
A)  genetic code of each cell 
B)  differential expression of housekeeping genes 
C)  differential expression of regulated genes 
D)  number of chromosomes present in the nucleus 
E)  presence or absence of gene regulatory sequences

Question 7

Which process sets the developmental fate of an embryonic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  fertilization 
B)  meiosis 
C)  induction 
D)  differentiation 
E)  determination 
A)  fertilization 
B)  meiosis 
C)  induction 
D)  differentiation 
E)  determination

Question 8

Explain how Dicer and miRISC are involved in the production and function of miRNAs.

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II transcribes the miRNA

Question 9

Genes under positive control are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  off until they are turned on 
B)  always expressed 
C)  expressed unless a repressor protein is present 
D)  controlled by several promoters to increase transcription 
E)  regulated by feedback inhibition 
A)  off until they are turned on 
B)  always expressed 
C)  expressed unless a repressor protein is present 
D)  controlled by several promoters to increase transcription 
E)  regulated by feedback inhibition

Question 10

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are important in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  alternative splicing 
B)  transcriptional activation 
C)  chromatin remodeling 
D)  genomic imprinting 
E)  RNA interference (RNAi) 
A)  alternative splicing 
B)  transcriptional activation 
C)  chromatin remodeling 
D)  genomic imprinting 
E)  RNA interference (RNAi)

Question 11

Gene regulation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  involves significant chromatin remodeling 
B)  requires transcription and translation to occur in separate cellular compartments 
C)  produces differentiated cells 
D)  involves transcriptional control 
E)  involves alternative splicing 
A)  involves significant chromatin remodeling 
B)  requires transcription and translation to occur in separate cellular compartments 
C)  produces differentiated cells 
D)  involves transcriptional control 
E)  involves alternative splicing

Question 12

In prokaryotes, the genes for metabolic pathways are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  always expressed for early steps in the pathway, but generally not expressed for later steps in the pathway 
B)  always expressed so the bacteria can respond to rapidly  changing conditions 
C)  turned on and off as conditions change 
D)  always independently regulated 
E)  generally expressed at low levels, but expressed at high levels when conditions warrant 
A)  always expressed for early steps in the pathway, but generally not expressed for later steps in the pathway 
B)  always expressed so the bacteria can respond to rapidly  changing conditions 
C)  turned on and off as conditions change 
D)  always independently regulated 
E)  generally expressed at low levels, but expressed at high levels when conditions warrant

Question 13

The anterior-posterior orientation of Drosophila embryos is initially controlled and determined by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  maternal-effect genes 
B)  gap genes 
C)  pair rule genes 
D)  segment polarity genes 
E)  homeotic genes 
A)  maternal-effect genes 
B)  gap genes 
C)  pair rule genes 
D)  segment polarity genes 
E)  homeotic genes

Question 14

The genes in an operon are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  each transcribed into individual mRNAs 
B)  transcribed into a single mRNA transcript 
C)  controlled by separate promoters 
D)  transcribed as a single mRNA in prokaryotes, but as individual mRNAs in eukaryotes 
E)  located at different chromosomal loci 
A)  each transcribed into individual mRNAs 
B)  transcribed into a single mRNA transcript 
C)  controlled by separate promoters 
D)  transcribed as a single mRNA in prokaryotes, but as individual mRNAs in eukaryotes 
E)  located at different chromosomal loci

Question 15

What is the relationship between operators, transcription units, and operons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Operators contain transcription units and operons. 
B)  Operons contain transcription units and operators. 
C)  Operators contain multiple transcription units associated with a single operon. 
D)  Operons contain multiple operators associated with a single transcription unit. 
E)  Operons contain multiple transcription units associated with a single operator. 
A)  Operators contain transcription units and operons. 
B)  Operons contain transcription units and operators. 
C)  Operators contain multiple transcription units associated with a single operon. 
D)  Operons contain multiple operators associated with a single transcription unit. 
E)  Operons contain multiple transcription units associated with a single operator.

Question 16

When histones are rearranged to control gene access, it is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription 
B)  chromatin remodeling 
C)  DNA condensation 
D)  remodeling complex formation 
E)  acetylation 
A)  transcription 
B)  chromatin remodeling 
C)  DNA condensation 
D)  remodeling complex formation 
E)  acetylation

Question 17

A tumor comprised of cells that invade and disrupt surrounding tissues is called a(n) ____ tumor.

Accepted Answer

A)  benign 
B)  malignant 
C)  oncogenic 
D)  unsuppressed 
E)  familial 
A)  benign 
B)  malignant 
C)  oncogenic 
D)  unsuppressed 
E)  familial

Question 18

The trp operon is ____ unless tryptophan is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  turned on; available in the environment 
B)  turned on; bound to the operator 
C)  turned off; bound to the repressor 
D)  turned off; bound to the promoter 
E)  turned on; synthesized by the trp repressor gene 
A)  turned on; available in the environment 
B)  turned on; bound to the operator 
C)  turned off; bound to the repressor 
D)  turned off; bound to the promoter 
E)  turned on; synthesized by the trp repressor gene

Question 19

Transcription of the lac operon is most efficient when ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cAMP levels are low 
B)  the CAP site of the promoter is not bound to cAMP 
C)  glucose is present and lactose is absent 
D)  lactose is present and glucose is absent 
E)  lactose and glucose are present 
A)  cAMP levels are low 
B)  the CAP site of the promoter is not bound to cAMP 
C)  glucose is present and lactose is absent 
D)  lactose is present and glucose is absent 
E)  lactose and glucose are present

Question 20

Compare gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and explain the benefits of each regulatory arrangement.

Accepted Answer

In prokaryotes, the entire organism cons

Exam 16: Regulation of Gene Expression

A driver gene ____.

In the lac operon, CAP binding to the CAP site of the promoter ____.

Gene silencing ____.

Variations in pre-mRNA processing, such as in ____, can determine which ____ are made in cells.

Which statement about eukaryotic gene organization and regulation is correct?

The primary difference between individual nucleated cells in a developing zygote is the ____.

Which process sets the developmental fate of an embryonic cell?

Explain how Dicer and miRISC are involved in the production and function of miRNAs.

Genes under positive control are ____.

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are important in ____.

Gene regulation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes ____.

In prokaryotes, the genes for metabolic pathways are ____.

The anterior-posterior orientation of Drosophila embryos is initially controlled and determined by ____.

The genes in an operon are ____.

What is the relationship between operators, transcription units, and operons?

When histones are rearranged to control gene access, it is called ____.

A tumor comprised of cells that invade and disrupt surrounding tissues is called a(n) ____ tumor.

The trp operon is ____ unless tryptophan is ____.

Transcription of the lac operon is most efficient when ____.

Compare gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and explain the benefits of each regulatory arrangement.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Variations in pre-mRNA processing, such as in , can determine which are made in cells.

The trp operon is unless tryptophan is .