Question 1

How are the C4and CAM pathways similar? How are they different?

Accepted Answer

Both pathways utilize alternative carbon

Question 2

Which products of the Calvin cycle are used in the light reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  G3P, ATP, and NADPH 
B)  O2, water, and ATP 
C)  ADP, Pi, and NADP+ 
D)  electrons from CO2 
E)  protons and Pi 
A)  G3P, ATP, and NADPH 
B)  O2, water, and ATP 
C)  ADP, Pi, and NADP+ 
D)  electrons from CO2 
E)  protons and Pi

Question 3

Why isn't oxygen produced by organisms that perform anoxygenic photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their photosystems do not utilize the Calvin cycle. 
B)  They use a different enzyme for the initial reactions of the Calvin cycle. 
C)  They use electron donors other than water. 
D)  Their membranes lack ATP synthase. 
E)  Their chlorophyll contains an iron center rather than magnesium. 
A)  Their photosystems do not utilize the Calvin cycle. 
B)  They use a different enzyme for the initial reactions of the Calvin cycle. 
C)  They use electron donors other than water. 
D)  Their membranes lack ATP synthase. 
E)  Their chlorophyll contains an iron center rather than magnesium.

Question 4

If a plant synthesized a molecule of sugar that has 12 carbons, how many turns of the Calvin cycle would be needed?

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  six 
D)  12 
E)  24 
A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  six 
D)  12 
E)  24

Question 5

Which plant cell structure is comprised of approximately 300 chlorophyll molecules and about 40 carotenoid pigments, organized together to optimize the capture of light energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction center 
B)  chlorophyll 
C)  antenna complex 
D)  cytochrome complex 
E)  stomata 
A)  reaction center 
B)  chlorophyll 
C)  antenna complex 
D)  cytochrome complex 
E)  stomata

Question 6

C3plants are more susceptible to photorespiration than either C4or CAM plants. Why do most plants lack the C4pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rubisco is more efficient in C3plants when compared to rubisco of C4and CAM plants. 
B)  Photorespiration is not a serious problem for most plants. 
C)  Most plant species do not have vacuoles in their cells to store the malate generated from CO2taken in during the night. 
D)  There is an energetic cost to C4and CAM pathways that only makes them advantageous in very hot and/or arid environments. 
E)  Switching between C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis is very difficult for most plants. 
A)  Rubisco is more efficient in C3plants when compared to rubisco of C4and CAM plants. 
B)  Photorespiration is not a serious problem for most plants. 
C)  Most plant species do not have vacuoles in their cells to store the malate generated from CO2taken in during the night. 
D)  There is an energetic cost to C4and CAM pathways that only makes them advantageous in very hot and/or arid environments. 
E)  Switching between C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis is very difficult for most plants.

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: consumes NADPH
creates a proton gradient
occurs during the daytime
produces ATP
consumes OS1U1B12S1U1B0
produces OS1U1B12S1U1B0
produces ADP
produces NADPS1U1P1+S1S1P0
requires rubisco
requires ATP

Accepted Answer

The Answer of both light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle is...

Question 8

What is the correct order of the three phases of the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon fixation, oxidation, regeneration 
B)  carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration 
C)  carbon fixation, regeneration, oxidation 
D)  carbon fixation, regeneration, reduction 
E)  oxidation, carbon fixation, regeneration 
A)  carbon fixation, oxidation, regeneration 
B)  carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration 
C)  carbon fixation, regeneration, oxidation 
D)  carbon fixation, regeneration, reduction 
E)  oxidation, carbon fixation, regeneration

Question 9

Which plant structure is responsible for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

A)  stroma 
B)  stomata 
C)  thylakoid 
D)  grana 
E)  stromal lamellae 
A)  stroma 
B)  stomata 
C)  thylakoid 
D)  grana 
E)  stromal lamellae

Question 10

What is the purpose of cyclic electron flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  to prevent the formation of NADPH and excessive reactive oxygen species 
B)  to prevent the loss of light energy when the ATP production pathway is saturated 
C)  to ensure that all of the energy harvested by the sun is converted into ATP 
D)  to protect the cell when CO2is unavailable and the Calvin cycle is not operating 
E)  to increase the net production of ATP in times when CO2is unavailable 
A)  to prevent the formation of NADPH and excessive reactive oxygen species 
B)  to prevent the loss of light energy when the ATP production pathway is saturated 
C)  to ensure that all of the energy harvested by the sun is converted into ATP 
D)  to protect the cell when CO2is unavailable and the Calvin cycle is not operating 
E)  to increase the net production of ATP in times when CO2is unavailable

Question 11

In 2D chromatography analysis, each of the spots on the chromatography paper represent different proteins. In order to correctly identify the proteins and interpret the data, which experimental control must be included?

Accepted Answer

A)  using cellular carbohydrate extract that was not labeled with radioactivity to determine the effect of radioactive labeling on the study 
B)  using purified proteins of interest in individual trials to identify each protein's profile on the chromatography paper 
C)  using water in place of the cellular carbohydrate extract to compare the profile of the proteins to a completely pure sample 
D)  using water in place of the solvent to determine the effect of the solvent on the movement of the proteins on the chromatography paper 
E)  removing excess proteins from the cellular carbohydrate extract before chromatography 
A)  using cellular carbohydrate extract that was not labeled with radioactivity to determine the effect of radioactive labeling on the study 
B)  using purified proteins of interest in individual trials to identify each protein's profile on the chromatography paper 
C)  using water in place of the cellular carbohydrate extract to compare the profile of the proteins to a completely pure sample 
D)  using water in place of the solvent to determine the effect of the solvent on the movement of the proteins on the chromatography paper 
E)  removing excess proteins from the cellular carbohydrate extract before chromatography

Question 12

When chlorophyll absorbs photons, it transfers electrons to a primary acceptor, which is thereby oxidized.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

If you were to extract all of the proteins from a leaf and measure the composition of rubisco, you would find that it comprises about ____% of the total leaf protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  75 
E)  90 
A)  10 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  75 
E)  90

Question 14

What is a major similarity and difference between photorespiration and aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photorespiration does not gene

Question 15

Rubisco functions as both a(n) ____ and a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme; substrate 
B)  enzyme; product 
C)  carboxylase; kinase 
D)  carboxylase; phosphatase 
E)  carboxylase; oxygenase 
A)  enzyme; substrate 
B)  enzyme; product 
C)  carboxylase; kinase 
D)  carboxylase; phosphatase 
E)  carboxylase; oxygenase

Question 16

The action spectrum of higher plants is bimodal, with two major peaks. Which two molecules largely determine the two peaks?

Accepted Answer

A)  photosystems I and II 
B)  P680 and P700 
C)  chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b 
D)  chlorophyll and carotenoid 
E)  ATP and NADH 
A)  photosystems I and II 
B)  P680 and P700 
C)  chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b 
D)  chlorophyll and carotenoid 
E)  ATP and NADH

Question 17

Which phase(s) of the Calvin cycle require ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  phase I only 
B)  phase II only 
C)  phase III only 
D)  phases I and II only 
E)  phases II and III only 
A)  phase I only 
B)  phase II only 
C)  phase III only 
D)  phases I and II only 
E)  phases II and III only

Question 18

Rubisco has 16 subunits joined together to make a functional unit. Eight of the subunits are large, the other eight are small. On which subunit(s) is/are the active sites located?

Accepted Answer

A)  on each of the eight large subunits 
B)  on each of the eight small subunits 
C)  on one of the eight large subunits 
D)  on one of the eight small subunits 
E)  on each of the 16 subunits 
A)  on each of the eight large subunits 
B)  on each of the eight small subunits 
C)  on one of the eight large subunits 
D)  on one of the eight small subunits 
E)  on each of the 16 subunits

Question 19

Which characteristic of the light absorbing regions of chlorophylls and carotenoids most likely accounts for the ability of these molecules to absorb light?

Accepted Answer

A)  ringed structures 
B)  the presence of aldehyde side-groups 
C)  the presence of magnesium 
D)  an extensive network of double bonds 
E)  long hydrocarbon chain 
A)  ringed structures 
B)  the presence of aldehyde side-groups 
C)  the presence of magnesium 
D)  an extensive network of double bonds 
E)  long hydrocarbon chain

Question 20

The purpose of the Calvin cycle is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  convert inorganic carbon into a useable form of carbon 
B)  recover electrons lost when water was split 
C)  capture photons of light to harvest solar energy 
D)  counteract increasing atmospheric CO2concentrations (global warming) 
E)  generate the O2gas required for cellular respiration 
A)  convert inorganic carbon into a useable form of carbon 
B)  recover electrons lost when water was split 
C)  capture photons of light to harvest solar energy 
D)  counteract increasing atmospheric CO2concentrations (global warming) 
E)  generate the O2gas required for cellular respiration

Exam 8: Photosynthesis

How are the C4and CAM pathways similar? How are they different?

Which products of the Calvin cycle are used in the light reactions?

Why isn't oxygen produced by organisms that perform anoxygenic photosynthesis?

If a plant synthesized a molecule of sugar that has 12 carbons, how many turns of the Calvin cycle would be needed?

Which plant cell structure is comprised of approximately 300 chlorophyll molecules and about 40 carotenoid pigments, organized together to optimize the capture of light energy?

C3plants are more susceptible to photorespiration than either C4or CAM plants. Why do most plants lack the C4pathway?

What is the correct order of the three phases of the Calvin cycle?

Which plant structure is responsible for gas exchange?

What is the purpose of cyclic electron flow?

In 2D chromatography analysis, each of the spots on the chromatography paper represent different proteins. In order to correctly identify the proteins and interpret the data, which experimental control must be included?

When chlorophyll absorbs photons, it transfers electrons to a primary acceptor, which is thereby oxidized.

If you were to extract all of the proteins from a leaf and measure the composition of rubisco, you would find that it comprises about ____% of the total leaf protein.

What is a major similarity and difference between photorespiration and aerobic respiration?

Rubisco functions as both a(n) ____ and a(n) ____.

The action spectrum of higher plants is bimodal, with two major peaks. Which two molecules largely determine the two peaks?

Which phase(s) of the Calvin cycle require ATP?

Rubisco has 16 subunits joined together to make a functional unit. Eight of the subunits are large, the other eight are small. On which subunit(s) is/are the active sites located?

Which characteristic of the light absorbing regions of chlorophylls and carotenoids most likely accounts for the ability of these molecules to absorb light?

The purpose of the Calvin cycle is to ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

How are the C₄and CAM pathways similar? How are they different?

C₃plants are more susceptible to photorespiration than either C₄or CAM plants. Why do most plants lack the C₄pathway?

Rubisco functions as both a(n) and a(n) .