Question 1

Explain the Scandinavian approach to design of work.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. The Scandinavian cultural values and economic system stand in contrast to the German system. The social democratic tradition in Scandinavia has emphasized social concern rather than industrial efficiency. Accordingly, the Scandinavians place great emphasis on a work design model that encourages a high degree of worker control and good social support systems for workers. Lennart Levi believes that circumstantial and inferential scientific evidence provides a sufficiently strong basis for legislative and policy actions for redesigns aimed at enhancing worker well-being. An example of such an action for promoting good working environments and occupational health was Swedish Government Bill 1976/77:149, which stated, "Work should be safe both physically and mentally but also provide opportunities for involvement, job satisfaction, and personal development." In 1991, the Swedish Parliament set up the Swedish Working Life Fund to fund research, intervention programs, and demonstration projects in work design. For example, a study of Stockholm police on shift schedules found that going from a daily, counterclockwise rotation to a clockwise rotation was more compatible with human biology and resulted in improved sleep, less fatigue, lower systolic blood pressure, and lower blood levels of triglycerides and glucose. Hence, the work redesign improved the police officers' health. Please see the section "Alternative Approaches to Job Design" for more information.

Question 2

Which of the following is a problem with job enrichment as a strategy for work design?

Accepted Answer

A) The lack of consideration for individual differences among employees 
B) The fact that it is based on a complicated motivational theory 
C) The fact that it is not a universal approach to the design of work 
D) The lack of specialization that arose from the increase in job variety 
A) The lack of consideration for individual differences among employees 
B) The fact that it is based on a complicated motivational theory 
C) The fact that it is not a universal approach to the design of work 
D) The lack of specialization that arose from the increase in job variety A

Question 3

Identify a true statement about a job in relation to an organization.

Accepted Answer

A) It is not a set of task activities. 
B) It refers to a sequence of organizational positions held over time. 
C) It is not the same as work. 
D) It refers to a specific mental or physical activity that has productive results. 
A) It is not a set of task activities. 
B) It refers to a sequence of organizational positions held over time. 
C) It is not the same as work. 
D) It refers to a specific mental or physical activity that has productive results. C

Question 4

According to the six patterns people follow in defining work, Pattern C people define work as an activity:

Accepted Answer

A) in which value comes from performance and for which a person is accountable. 
B) a person must do that is directed by others and generally performed in a working place. 
C) constrained to specific time periods that does not bring positive affect through its performance. 
D) from which profit accrues to others by its performance and that may be done in various settings other than a working place. 
A) in which value comes from performance and for which a person is accountable. 
B) a person must do that is directed by others and generally performed in a working place. 
C) constrained to specific time periods that does not bring positive affect through its performance. 
D) from which profit accrues to others by its performance and that may be done in various settings other than a working place.

Question 5

Job enrichment builds on _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation 
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs 
C) McClelland's theory 
D) Alderfer's ERG theory 
A) Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation 
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs 
C) McClelland's theory 
D) Alderfer's ERG theory

Question 6

Which of the following approaches to job design emphasizes the interaction between an individual and specific attributes of a job?

Accepted Answer

A) The job characteristics theory 
B) Job enrichment 
C) The job enlargement method 
D) Scientific management 
A) The job characteristics theory 
B) Job enrichment 
C) The job enlargement method 
D) Scientific management

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of the Job Characteristics Inventory (JCI)?

Accepted Answer

A) It does not measure core job characteristics. 
B) It does not incorporate critical psychological states. 
C) It does not support the person-job fit approach to the design of work. 
D) It does not showcase the effects of autonomy on employee satisfaction. 
A) It does not measure core job characteristics. 
B) It does not incorporate critical psychological states. 
C) It does not support the person-job fit approach to the design of work. 
D) It does not showcase the effects of autonomy on employee satisfaction.

Question 8

Compare the Job Characteristics Inventory (JCI)with Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS).

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. The JCI primarily mea

Question 9

Telecommuting results in:

Accepted Answer

A) reduced opportunities for workers with disabilities. 
B) decreased productivity. 
C) decreased ability to attract and retain talent. 
D) reduced absenteeism. 
A) reduced opportunities for workers with disabilities. 
B) decreased productivity. 
C) decreased ability to attract and retain talent. 
D) reduced absenteeism.

Question 10

Flextime, an alternative work pattern, _____.

Accepted Answer

A) allows employees to work at locations other than their company's main location 
B) is a technocentric approach to work design 
C) provides employees with a three-day weekend 
D) is designed to ease traffic and commuting pressures 
A) allows employees to work at locations other than their company's main location 
B) is a technocentric approach to work design 
C) provides employees with a three-day weekend 
D) is designed to ease traffic and commuting pressures

Question 11

Job enrichment increases the amount of job responsibility through horizontal loading.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In the context of job enlargement, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Cross-training programs are a variation of job enlargement. 
B) Scientific management overcomes the problem of boredom associated with job enlargement. 
C) Job enlargement increases the amount of job responsibility through vertical loading. 
D) Jobs designed through job enlargement are too narrow and limited in the number of tasks and activities assigned to each worker. 
A) Cross-training programs are a variation of job enlargement. 
B) Scientific management overcomes the problem of boredom associated with job enlargement. 
C) Job enlargement increases the amount of job responsibility through vertical loading. 
D) Jobs designed through job enlargement are too narrow and limited in the number of tasks and activities assigned to each worker.

Question 13

In the context of the elements of scientific management, time and motion studies focus on:

Accepted Answer

A) the efficient use of labor to the economic benefit of a corporation. 
B) designing different types of activities to overcome the boredom of overspecialized work. 
C) increasing the amount of job responsibility through vertical loading. 
D) the inclusion of motivation and hygiene factors that affect job satisfaction. 
A) the efficient use of labor to the economic benefit of a corporation. 
B) designing different types of activities to overcome the boredom of overspecialized work. 
C) increasing the amount of job responsibility through vertical loading. 
D) the inclusion of motivation and hygiene factors that affect job satisfaction.

Question 14

In the context of ergonomics and interdisciplinary framework in job design, which of the following is most likely a negative outcome of the motivational approach?

Accepted Answer

A) Lower job satisfaction 
B) Lower job involvement 
C) Increased training time 
D) Higher absenteeism 
A) Lower job satisfaction 
B) Lower job involvement 
C) Increased training time 
D) Higher absenteeism

Question 15

The _____ was developed to determine the nature of jobs by measuring five core job characteristics and three critical psychological states in the Job Characteristics Model.

Accepted Answer

A) Job Diagnostic Survey 
B) motivating potential survey 
C) Job Characteristics Inventory 
D) social information-processing model 
A) Job Diagnostic Survey 
B) motivating potential survey 
C) Job Characteristics Inventory 
D) social information-processing model

Question 16

_____ is an alternative work arrangement that is responsive to individual biorhythms.

Accepted Answer

A) Work simplification 
B) Job enlargement 
C) Ergonomics 
D) Flextime 
A) Work simplification 
B) Job enlargement 
C) Ergonomics 
D) Flextime

Question 17

Mass production jobs:

Accepted Answer

A) tend to be nonrepetitive. 
B) require surface mental attention. 
C) are self-paced. 
D) require thoughtful concentration. 
A) tend to be nonrepetitive. 
B) require surface mental attention. 
C) are self-paced. 
D) require thoughtful concentration.

Question 18

_____ is a method of job design that increases the number of activities in a job to overcome the boredom of overspecialized work.

Accepted Answer

A) Scientific management 
B) Job enlargement 
C) Job enrichment 
D) Work simplification 
A) Scientific management 
B) Job enlargement 
C) Job enrichment 
D) Work simplification

Question 19

Which of the following is a variation of job enlargement?

Accepted Answer

A) Job rotation 
B) Departmentalization 
C) Work simplification 
D) Scientific management 
A) Job rotation 
B) Departmentalization 
C) Work simplification 
D) Scientific management

Question 20

Virtual offices may lead to technostress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Explain the Scandinavian approach to design of work.

Which of the following is a problem with job enrichment as a strategy for work design?

Identify a true statement about a job in relation to an organization.

According to the six patterns people follow in defining work, Pattern C people define work as an activity:

Job enrichment builds on _____.

Which of the following approaches to job design emphasizes the interaction between an individual and specific attributes of a job?

Which of the following statements is true of the Job Characteristics Inventory (JCI)?

Compare the Job Characteristics Inventory (JCI)with Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS).

Telecommuting results in:

Flextime, an alternative work pattern, _____.

Job enrichment increases the amount of job responsibility through horizontal loading.

In the context of job enlargement, which of the following statements is true?

In the context of the elements of scientific management, time and motion studies focus on:

In the context of ergonomics and interdisciplinary framework in job design, which of the following is most likely a negative outcome of the motivational approach?

The _____ was developed to determine the nature of jobs by measuring five core job characteristics and three critical psychological states in the Job Characteristics Model.

_____ is an alternative work arrangement that is responsive to individual biorhythms.

Mass production jobs:

_____ is a method of job design that increases the number of activities in a job to overcome the boredom of overspecialized work.

Which of the following is a variation of job enlargement?

Virtual offices may lead to technostress.

Organizational Behavior and Opportunity

Challenges for Managers

Personality, Perception, and Attribution

Attitudes, Emotions, and Ethics

Motivation at Work

Learning and Performance Management

Stress and Well-Being at Work

Communication

Work Teams and Groups

Decision Making by Individuals and Groups

Power and Political Behavior

Leadership and Followership

Conflict and Negotiation

Organizational Design and Structure

Organizational Culture

Career Management

Managing Change

Filters

Exam 14: Jobs and the Design of Work

Explain the Scandinavian approach to design of work.

Which of the following is a problem with job enrichment as a strategy for work design?

Identify a true statement about a job in relation to an organization.

According to the six patterns people follow in defining work, Pattern C people define work as an activity:

Job enrichment builds on _____.

Which of the following approaches to job design emphasizes the interaction between an individual and specific attributes of a job?

Which of the following statements is true of the Job Characteristics Inventory (JCI)?

Compare the Job Characteristics Inventory (JCI)with Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS).

Telecommuting results in:

Flextime, an alternative work pattern, _____.

Job enrichment increases the amount of job responsibility through horizontal loading.

In the context of job enlargement, which of the following statements is true?

In the context of the elements of scientific management, time and motion studies focus on:

In the context of ergonomics and interdisciplinary framework in job design, which of the following is most likely a negative outcome of the motivational approach?

The _____ was developed to determine the nature of jobs by measuring five core job characteristics and three critical psychological states in the Job Characteristics Model.

_____ is an alternative work arrangement that is responsive to individual biorhythms.

Mass production jobs:

_____ is a method of job design that increases the number of activities in a job to overcome the boredom of overspecialized work.

Which of the following is a variation of job enlargement?

Virtual offices may lead to technostress.

Organizational Behavior and Opportunity

Challenges for Managers

Personality, Perception, and Attribution

Attitudes, Emotions, and Ethics

Motivation at Work

Learning and Performance Management

Stress and Well-Being at Work

Communication

Work Teams and Groups

Decision Making by Individuals and Groups

Power and Political Behavior

Leadership and Followership

Conflict and Negotiation

Organizational Design and Structure

Organizational Culture

Career Management

Managing Change

Filters