Question 1

Rousseau believed that men and women were fundamentally different.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What most closely describes the contributions of Isaac Newton and John Locke to the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

A) They created two antagonistic religious systems of thought. 
B) They provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society. 
C) They claimed that mathematics and science would bring about the cure for the evils of society but only very slowly. 
D) They said the philosophes were the prophets of the future and that their rejection of the scientific revolution was justified. 
E) They had little influence on the later Enlightenment as they were perceived to be figures of the "old" seventeenth century. 
A) They created two antagonistic religious systems of thought. 
B) They provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society. 
C) They claimed that mathematics and science would bring about the cure for the evils of society but only very slowly. 
D) They said the philosophes were the prophets of the future and that their rejection of the scientific revolution was justified. 
E) They had little influence on the later Enlightenment as they were perceived to be figures of the "old" seventeenth century.

Question 3

John Locke influenced the eighteenth-century Enlightenment through his theory of knowledge and his concept of the tabula rasa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

With what characteristic was every person born, according to John Locke?

Accepted Answer

A) A passion for evil 
B) Love in their heart 
C) The image of God in their mind's eye 
D) A blank mind 
E) A mixture of their parent's beliefs and values 
A) A passion for evil 
B) Love in their heart 
C) The image of God in their mind's eye 
D) A blank mind 
E) A mixture of their parent's beliefs and values

Question 5

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. 
Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia

Accepted Answer

Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia, also known

Question 6

What is the main idea of deism?

Accepted Answer

A) It posits that religion is fairy tales to frighten the superstitious. 
B) It suggests that if God exists, he has no interest in the world. 
C) It argues that God created the universe, but has no direct involvement in it. 
D) It suggests that a transcendent spirit controls every event. 
E) It argues that praying matters. 
A) It posits that religion is fairy tales to frighten the superstitious. 
B) It suggests that if God exists, he has no interest in the world. 
C) It argues that God created the universe, but has no direct involvement in it. 
D) It suggests that a transcendent spirit controls every event. 
E) It argues that praying matters.

Question 7

On what grounds did Mary Wollstonecraft challenge conventional eighteenth-century ideas about women's nature and their proper social roles?

Accepted Answer

Mary Wollstonecraft challenged conventio

Question 8

Did the Enlightenment represent a new era for women? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment did not represent a ne

Question 9

Published travel accounts of different cultures

Accepted Answer

A) presented an image of "natural man" who was happier than many Europeans. 
B) saw the origin of the idea of the "noble savage." 
C) led to the development of cultural relativism. 
D) resulted in religious skepticism, as Europeans realized the existence of a variety of perceptions of the divine. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) presented an image of "natural man" who was happier than many Europeans. 
B) saw the origin of the idea of the "noble savage." 
C) led to the development of cultural relativism. 
D) resulted in religious skepticism, as Europeans realized the existence of a variety of perceptions of the divine. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 10

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. 
Cesare Beccaria

Accepted Answer

Cesare Beccaria was an Italian criminolo

Question 11

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. 
Romanticism

Accepted Answer

Romanticism was an artistic, literary, a

Question 12

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau mean by the "general will"? What kind of government did he advocate?

Accepted Answer

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that the

Question 13

What best describes both Catholic and Protestant churches in eighteenth-century Europe?

Accepted Answer

A) They declined in numbers and influence. 
B) They still played a major role in social and spiritual areas. 
C) They were responsible for the dramatic role in literary. 
D) They had not changed much in two centuries. 
E) They were legally separated from any state or government connections. 
A) They declined in numbers and influence. 
B) They still played a major role in social and spiritual areas. 
C) They were responsible for the dramatic role in literary. 
D) They had not changed much in two centuries. 
E) They were legally separated from any state or government connections.

Question 14

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. 
John Wesley and Methodism

Accepted Answer

John Wesley was an Anglican cleric and t

Question 15

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. 
feminism

Accepted Answer

Feminism is a socio-political movement a

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning salons is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Salons were literary-minded gatherings where advanced ideas were discussed. 
B) As hostesses of salons, women were able to influence artistic and literary taste. 
C) Salons were frequented by wealthy bourgeoisie but shunned by aristocrats and government officials. 
D) The reputation of a salon depended upon the men a hostess was able to attract. 
E) The perception that women exerted undue influence on politics led to the decline of salons. 
A) Salons were literary-minded gatherings where advanced ideas were discussed. 
B) As hostesses of salons, women were able to influence artistic and literary taste. 
C) Salons were frequented by wealthy bourgeoisie but shunned by aristocrats and government officials. 
D) The reputation of a salon depended upon the men a hostess was able to attract. 
E) The perception that women exerted undue influence on politics led to the decline of salons.

Question 17

The eighteenth-century English historian Edward Gibbon blamed the downfall of ancient Rome on the pagan religion practices and sexual excesses of the Roman Empire.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The French Physiocrats, in their belief in natural economic laws, were harsh critics of economic mercantilism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Who advocated natural economic laws as the leader of the Physiocrats?

Accepted Answer

A) Denis Diderot 
B) Adam Smith 
C) Francois Quesnay 
D) Cesare Beccaria 
E) David Hume 
A) Denis Diderot 
B) Adam Smith 
C) Francois Quesnay 
D) Cesare Beccaria 
E) David Hume

Question 20

Except in ____, judicial torture remained an important tool of European criminal-justice systems in the eighteenth century.

Accepted Answer

A) Russia 
B) France 
C) Spain 
D) England 
E) Prussia 
A) Russia 
B) France 
C) Spain 
D) England 
E) Prussia

Exam 17: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment

Rousseau believed that men and women were fundamentally different.

What most closely describes the contributions of Isaac Newton and John Locke to the Enlightenment?

John Locke influenced the eighteenth-century Enlightenment through his theory of knowledge and his concept of the tabula rasa.

With what characteristic was every person born, according to John Locke?

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia

What is the main idea of deism?

On what grounds did Mary Wollstonecraft challenge conventional eighteenth-century ideas about women's nature and their proper social roles?

Did the Enlightenment represent a new era for women? Why or why not?

Published travel accounts of different cultures

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. Cesare Beccaria

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. Romanticism

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau mean by the "general will"? What kind of government did he advocate?

What best describes both Catholic and Protestant churches in eighteenth-century Europe?

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. John Wesley and Methodism

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. feminism

Which of the following statements concerning salons is NOT true?

The eighteenth-century English historian Edward Gibbon blamed the downfall of ancient Rome on the pagan religion practices and sexual excesses of the Roman Empire.

The French Physiocrats, in their belief in natural economic laws, were harsh critics of economic mercantilism.

Who advocated natural economic laws as the leader of the Physiocrats?

Except in ____, judicial torture remained an important tool of European criminal-justice systems in the eighteenth century.

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: the Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars, 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II

Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: The Western World, 1965-1985

After the Fall: The Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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