Question 1

Among the policies of Camillo di Cavour was all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) encouraging the development of roads, canals, and railroads in Piedmont. 
B) fostering business enterprise by expanding credit. 
C) stimulating investment in new industries. 
D) securing an alliance with Napoleon III. 
E) dramatically reducing government expenditures on the military. 
A) encouraging the development of roads, canals, and railroads in Piedmont. 
B) fostering business enterprise by expanding credit. 
C) stimulating investment in new industries. 
D) securing an alliance with Napoleon III. 
E) dramatically reducing government expenditures on the military. E

Question 2

Karl Marx embraced the German philosopher Hegel's idea of the dialectic, meaning

Accepted Answer

A) all change in history is the result of clashes between directly antagonistic elements. 
B) no real changes in society can occur before industrialization. 
C) dictatorship is the central political force in all history. 
D) political diatribes are the highest form of intellectual thought. 
E) there is a world soul, which alternates between democracy and dictatorship. 
A) all change in history is the result of clashes between directly antagonistic elements. 
B) no real changes in society can occur before industrialization. 
C) dictatorship is the central political force in all history. 
D) political diatribes are the highest form of intellectual thought. 
E) there is a world soul, which alternates between democracy and dictatorship. A

Question 3

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. 
Crimean War

Accepted Answer

The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia. The war was primarily fought on the Crimean Peninsula, and it is known for the Siege of Sevastopol and the infamous Charge of the Light Brigade. It was one of the first wars to be extensively covered by modern media, including the telegraph and newspapers.

Historical Significance:

1. **End of the Concert of Europe**: The Crimean War effectively ended the Concert of Europe, the balance-of-power system that had maintained relative peace in Europe since the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

2. **Decline of the Ottoman Empire**: The war exposed the military weaknesses of the Ottoman Empire, contributing to its reputation as the "sick man of Europe" and setting the stage for future conflicts in the region.

3. **Military and Medical Innovations**: The war saw the use of new military technologies, including railways and the telegraph. It also led to major developments in military medicine and nursing, notably through the work of Florence Nightingale, who laid the foundations for modern nursing and improved the treatment and care of wounded soldiers.

4. **Rise of Nationalism**: The Crimean War stimulated a sense of national identity and pride in the participating countries. In Russia, the war's outcome contributed to the rise of a reform movement that eventually led to the emancipation of the serfs.

5. **Diplomatic Shifts**: The war altered the balance of power in Europe. It weakened Russia and reduced its influence in European affairs, while it showed the strength of the newly unified Italy and contributed to the rise of Prussia.

6. **Changes in Warfare**: The Crimean War is often considered the first modern conflict due to its use of new technologies and the involvement of war correspondents and photographers. It also highlighted the need for professional armies and the importance of logistics and supply chains in warfare.

In summary, the Crimean War had significant implications for international relations, military tactics and technology, and healthcare. It reshaped the political landscape of Europe and set the stage for future conflicts, including World War I.

Question 4

As a consequence of its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, France had to

Accepted Answer

A) abandon Algeria. 
B) give up the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. 
C) demilitarize. 
D) agree to an defensive alliance with Prussia. 
E) give up its Asian colonies. 
A) abandon Algeria. 
B) give up the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. 
C) demilitarize. 
D) agree to an defensive alliance with Prussia. 
E) give up its Asian colonies.

Question 5

What was Napoleon III most interested in during the Second Empire?

Accepted Answer

A) Fostering the industrial development of France 
B) Avoiding wars and foreign adventures 
C) Enhancing civil liberties like free speech 
D) Encouraging people to get involved in politics 
E) Enhancing the position of the Catholic Church in French culture 
A) Fostering the industrial development of France 
B) Avoiding wars and foreign adventures 
C) Enhancing civil liberties like free speech 
D) Encouraging people to get involved in politics 
E) Enhancing the position of the Catholic Church in French culture

Question 6

Mid-nineteenth century literary Realists

Accepted Answer

A) embraced aspects of Romanticism. 
B) avoided flowery and sentimental language. 
C) found few readers during their lifetimes. 
D) were closely aligned with political conservatives. 
E) often drew on medieval literature for inspiration. 
A) embraced aspects of Romanticism. 
B) avoided flowery and sentimental language. 
C) found few readers during their lifetimes. 
D) were closely aligned with political conservatives. 
E) often drew on medieval literature for inspiration.

Question 7

Why was Prussia more likely than Austria to provide leadership in the cause of German unification?

Accepted Answer

A) Prussia lacked a strong military. 
B) Austria had few ethnic Germans living within its borders. 
C) Prussia was more ethnically and culturally homogenous than the Austrian Empire. 
D) Prussia was a large multinational empire. 
E) Prussia had lagged behind the rest of Europe in industrialization. 
A) Prussia lacked a strong military. 
B) Austria had few ethnic Germans living within its borders. 
C) Prussia was more ethnically and culturally homogenous than the Austrian Empire. 
D) Prussia was a large multinational empire. 
E) Prussia had lagged behind the rest of Europe in industrialization.

Question 8

Who was the dominant foreign power in Italy prior to unification?

Accepted Answer

A) France 
B) Spain 
C) Papal States 
D) Savoy 
E) Austria 
A) France 
B) Spain 
C) Papal States 
D) Savoy 
E) Austria

Question 9

How did Marx explain historical change? How did he apply his theory of historical change to the times in which he lived?

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx explained historical change th

Question 10

In 1699, the Ottoman Empire lost Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia to

Accepted Answer

A) Egypt. 
B) Russia. 
C) Greece. 
D) Austria. 
E) Prussia. 
A) Egypt. 
B) Russia. 
C) Greece. 
D) Austria. 
E) Prussia.

Question 11

Compare and contrast the practice of Realpolitik in the leadership of Napoleon III of France and Otto von Bismark of Prussia. What were their strengths and weaknesses as leaders, and what were their achievements?

Accepted Answer

Realpolitik, a term coined by Bismarck h

Question 12

Which country's incursions into the Black Sea prompted England and France to enter the Crimean War in 1854?

Accepted Answer

A) Russia 
B) Turkey 
C) Germany 
D) Austria 
E) The United States 
A) Russia 
B) Turkey 
C) Germany 
D) Austria 
E) The United States

Question 13

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. 
"iron and blood"

Accepted Answer

"Iron and Blood" (or "Blood and Iron") i

Question 14

What was one of the key political consequences of Disraeli's Reform Act of 1867?

Accepted Answer

A) The outbreak of mass strikes by industrial workers in Britain 
B) A large increase in the number of voters 
C) The emergence of female suffrage movements in other European countries 
D) The freeing of the last British serfs on northern landed estates 
E) The incorporation of India into the British Empire 
A) The outbreak of mass strikes by industrial workers in Britain 
B) A large increase in the number of voters 
C) The emergence of female suffrage movements in other European countries 
D) The freeing of the last British serfs on northern landed estates 
E) The incorporation of India into the British Empire

Question 15

The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary had two monarchs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In 1861 the new kingdom of Italy was subordinated to the control of Piedmont and Victor Emmanuel II.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation

Accepted Answer

A) was a moral victory but a military disaster. 
B) had little real impact. 
C) ended the Civil War. 
D) declared that most of the slaves in the United States were now free. 
E) convinced Britain to ally with the South. 
A) was a moral victory but a military disaster. 
B) had little real impact. 
C) ended the Civil War. 
D) declared that most of the slaves in the United States were now free. 
E) convinced Britain to ally with the South.

Question 18

Bismarck is best seen as a

Accepted Answer

A) realist. 
B) romantic. 
C) war monger. 
D) classical liberal. 
E) republican idealist. 
A) realist. 
B) romantic. 
C) war monger. 
D) classical liberal. 
E) republican idealist.

Question 19

What was the subject of Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man ?

Accepted Answer

A) It questioned the new evolutionary theories. 
B) It proposed the first theory of genetic mutations. 
C) It argued for the animal origins of human beings, who had evolved by adapting to their environment over time. 
D) It placed humans in the center of a rational universe. 
E) It predicted the extinction of man and the rise of a new creation that would dominate nature. 
A) It questioned the new evolutionary theories. 
B) It proposed the first theory of genetic mutations. 
C) It argued for the animal origins of human beings, who had evolved by adapting to their environment over time. 
D) It placed humans in the center of a rational universe. 
E) It predicted the extinction of man and the rise of a new creation that would dominate nature.

Question 20

How did the expansion of scientific knowledge affect the Western worldview and the everyday lives of Europeans during the mid-nineteenth century? How does this expansion of scientific knowledge differ from that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Accepted Answer

The expansion of scientific knowledge du

Exam 22: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Among the policies of Camillo di Cavour was all of the following EXCEPT

Karl Marx embraced the German philosopher Hegel's idea of the dialectic, meaning

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. Crimean War

As a consequence of its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, France had to

What was Napoleon III most interested in during the Second Empire?

Mid-nineteenth century literary Realists

Why was Prussia more likely than Austria to provide leadership in the cause of German unification?

Who was the dominant foreign power in Italy prior to unification?

How did Marx explain historical change? How did he apply his theory of historical change to the times in which he lived?

In 1699, the Ottoman Empire lost Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia to

Compare and contrast the practice of Realpolitik in the leadership of Napoleon III of France and Otto von Bismark of Prussia. What were their strengths and weaknesses as leaders, and what were their achievements?

Which country's incursions into the Black Sea prompted England and France to enter the Crimean War in 1854?

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. "iron and blood"

What was one of the key political consequences of Disraeli's Reform Act of 1867?

The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary had two monarchs.

In 1861 the new kingdom of Italy was subordinated to the control of Piedmont and Victor Emmanuel II.

Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation

Bismarck is best seen as a

What was the subject of Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man ?

How did the expansion of scientific knowledge affect the Western worldview and the everyday lives of Europeans during the mid-nineteenth century? How does this expansion of scientific knowledge differ from that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: the Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars, 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II

Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: The Western World, 1965-1985

After the Fall: The Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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