Question 1

During the Third Punic War against Carthage, the Romans made Egypt a Roman province.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. 
Roman citizenship

Accepted Answer

Roman citizenship refers to the status of being a citizen in ancient Rome, which carried with it a variety of legal rights, privileges, and protections not afforded to non-citizens. The concept evolved over time, from the early days of the Roman Kingdom through the expansive era of the Roman Republic, and well into the Roman Empire.

Initially, Roman citizenship was tightly linked to being a member of a Roman family and part of the Roman political community. It included the right to vote (ius suffragii), the right to stand for public office (ius honorum), the right to make legal contracts (ius commercii), and the right to marry (ius conubii). Citizens were also subject to Roman taxation and military service.

Historically, Roman citizenship was significant for several reasons:

1. Military Expansion: As Rome expanded, citizenship was often granted to allies and those who served in the Roman military. This policy helped to integrate conquered peoples and bind them to Rome, promoting loyalty and peace within the provinces.

2. Legal System: Roman law was a monumental achievement, and citizenship was the key to accessing its protections and privileges. The legal system of Rome influenced many subsequent legal codes in the Western world.

3. Social Mobility: For non-Romans, acquiring citizenship was a means of social advancement. It allowed provincials to rise in the administrative ranks of the empire and even reach the Senate.

4. Spread of Culture: Citizenship facilitated the spread of Roman culture, language (Latin), and customs across the empire, contributing to a sense of Roman identity even among those far from the city of Rome itself.

5. Pax Romana: The extension of citizenship played a role in the Pax Romana, a period of relative peace and stability across the empire that lasted for about two centuries.

The most famous instance of the extension of Roman citizenship is the Constitutio Antoniniana (Edict of Caracalla) in 212 AD, which granted citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire. This act reflected the changing nature of Roman identity and the need to unify the empire's diverse populations under a common legal and cultural framework.

In summary, Roman citizenship was a cornerstone of Roman society and governance, and its influence was felt not only throughout the empire but also in the shaping of modern concepts of citizenship and legal rights.

Question 3

By the second century B.C.E., what had become the governing body of Rome?

Accepted Answer

A) The senate 
B) The pontificate 
C) The imperium 
D) The army 
E) The centuriate assembly 
A) The senate 
B) The pontificate 
C) The imperium 
D) The army 
E) The centuriate assembly A

Question 4

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. 
Mark Antony and Cleopatra

Accepted Answer

Mark Antony and Cleopatra are two promin

Question 5

Which statement best describes Roman slaves by the latter Republic?

Accepted Answer

A) Slaves often worked on the Roman latifundia . 
B) Slaves always received humane treatment from their owners. 
C) Slaves never received humane treatment from their owners. 
D) Slaves were used as soldiers in the army. 
E) Slaves were primarily from Italy. 
A) Slaves often worked on the Roman latifundia . 
B) Slaves always received humane treatment from their owners. 
C) Slaves never received humane treatment from their owners. 
D) Slaves were used as soldiers in the army. 
E) Slaves were primarily from Italy.

Question 6

What was the Struggle of the Orders?

Accepted Answer

A) It was a violent conflict between Rome's citizens and their slaves. 
B) It was a violent struggle between the patricians and plebeians. 
C) It was a peaceful struggle between the patricians and plebeians, won completely by the patricians. 
D) It was a peaceful revolution in which the plebeians were completely victorious. 
E) It was a peaceful struggle, which resulted in political compromise between plebeians and patricians. 
A) It was a violent conflict between Rome's citizens and their slaves. 
B) It was a violent struggle between the patricians and plebeians. 
C) It was a peaceful struggle between the patricians and plebeians, won completely by the patricians. 
D) It was a peaceful revolution in which the plebeians were completely victorious. 
E) It was a peaceful struggle, which resulted in political compromise between plebeians and patricians.

Question 7

What terms might the Romans have used to describe their own society and culture? What differences did they see between themselves and other peoples?

Accepted Answer

The Romans might have used terms such as

Question 8

Which innovation enabled Romans to erect giant amphitheaters and public baths?

Accepted Answer

A) Steel 
B) Copper 
C) Calculus 
D) Concrete 
E) Load-bearing arches 
A) Steel 
B) Copper 
C) Calculus 
D) Concrete 
E) Load-bearing arches

Question 9

The Second Punic War saw Carthage

Accepted Answer

A) try to force a naval war in the Mediterranean as a precursor to invasion of Italy. 
B) precipitate the war by encroaching on Roman Gaul. 
C) enlist the forces of its Mongol allies. 
D) capture and sack the city of Rome. 
E) carry a land war to Rome by crossing the Alps. 
A) try to force a naval war in the Mediterranean as a precursor to invasion of Italy. 
B) precipitate the war by encroaching on Roman Gaul. 
C) enlist the forces of its Mongol allies. 
D) capture and sack the city of Rome. 
E) carry a land war to Rome by crossing the Alps.

Question 10

Discuss the role of the Senate, powerful generals, and politicians in the collapse of the Roman Republic.

Accepted Answer

The collapse of the Roman Republic was a

Question 11

What were the causes and the results of the Punic Wars?

Accepted Answer

The Punic Wars were a series of three wa

Question 12

Which elements of Roman society and political culture were most innovative, and which were the product of Rome's contact with outside peoples and cultures?

Accepted Answer

The elements of Roman society and politi

Question 13

Was Julius Caesar a man of the common people, or was he a tyrant in the making?

Accepted Answer

Julius Caesar is a figure who has been i

Question 14

Which Greek philosophy had the greatest influence on the Roman concept of natural law?

Accepted Answer

A) Existentialism 
B) Nihilism 
C) Cynicism 
D) Epicureanism 
E) Stoicism 
A) Existentialism 
B) Nihilism 
C) Cynicism 
D) Epicureanism 
E) Stoicism

Question 15

What precedent for the treatment of vanquished foes emerged from the creation of the Roman Confederation?

Accepted Answer

A) It forced slave labor on the populace of the defeated cities 
B) It offered the most favored "allied" peoples full Roman citizenship, thus giving them a stake in successful Roman expansion. 
C) It slaughtered the citizens wholesale and sold the rest to pirates. 
D) It confiscated all the property of defeated peoples. 
E) It created for the first time the citizen category of "plebeian." 
A) It forced slave labor on the populace of the defeated cities 
B) It offered the most favored "allied" peoples full Roman citizenship, thus giving them a stake in successful Roman expansion. 
C) It slaughtered the citizens wholesale and sold the rest to pirates. 
D) It confiscated all the property of defeated peoples. 
E) It created for the first time the citizen category of "plebeian."

Question 16

What was a key feature of the Roman Confederation?

Accepted Answer

A) The granting of citizenship to some Italians 
B) The enslavement of all Italians 
C) The renunciation of war as an instrument of policy 
D) The granting of equal rights to all Italians 
E) The abolition of slavery within Italy 
A) The granting of citizenship to some Italians 
B) The enslavement of all Italians 
C) The renunciation of war as an instrument of policy 
D) The granting of equal rights to all Italians 
E) The abolition of slavery within Italy

Question 17

What was the imperium ?

Accepted Answer

A) The duties that Roman citizens owed to the gods 
B) The power to command Roman citizens 
C) The right to collect taxes 
D) The privileges reserved to patricians 
E) The name of Roman children's favorite board game 
A) The duties that Roman citizens owed to the gods 
B) The power to command Roman citizens 
C) The right to collect taxes 
D) The privileges reserved to patricians 
E) The name of Roman children's favorite board game

Question 18

What was the paterfamilias in Roman society?

Accepted Answer

A) A client to a patron or wealthy citizen 
B) The male head of the household 
C) An upper-class aristocrat 
D) A common person 
E) The male head of the family 
A) A client to a patron or wealthy citizen 
B) The male head of the household 
C) An upper-class aristocrat 
D) A common person 
E) The male head of the family

Question 19

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. 
Twelve Tables

Accepted Answer

The Twelve Tables were a set of laws ins

Question 20

What was the result of the Third Punic War?

Accepted Answer

A) Rome and Carthage forged an alliance. 
B) Carthage faced destruction and subjugation 
C) Rome lost mastery of the Mediterranean Sea. 
D) Rome was sacked. 
E) Julius Caesar came to power. 
A) Rome and Carthage forged an alliance. 
B) Carthage faced destruction and subjugation 
C) Rome lost mastery of the Mediterranean Sea. 
D) Rome was sacked. 
E) Julius Caesar came to power.

Exam 5: The Roman Republic

During the Third Punic War against Carthage, the Romans made Egypt a Roman province.

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. Roman citizenship

By the second century B.C.E., what had become the governing body of Rome?

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. Mark Antony and Cleopatra

Which statement best describes Roman slaves by the latter Republic?

What was the Struggle of the Orders?

What terms might the Romans have used to describe their own society and culture? What differences did they see between themselves and other peoples?

Which innovation enabled Romans to erect giant amphitheaters and public baths?

The Second Punic War saw Carthage

Discuss the role of the Senate, powerful generals, and politicians in the collapse of the Roman Republic.

What were the causes and the results of the Punic Wars?

Which elements of Roman society and political culture were most innovative, and which were the product of Rome's contact with outside peoples and cultures?

Was Julius Caesar a man of the common people, or was he a tyrant in the making?

Which Greek philosophy had the greatest influence on the Roman concept of natural law?

What precedent for the treatment of vanquished foes emerged from the creation of the Roman Confederation?

What was a key feature of the Roman Confederation?

What was the imperium ?

What was the paterfamilias in Roman society?

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance. Twelve Tables

What was the result of the Third Punic War?

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: the Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars, 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II

Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: The Western World, 1965-1985

After the Fall: The Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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