Question 1

Each has cariostatic properties,except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eggs 
B)  Instant oatmeal 
C)  Cheese 
D)  Seafood 
E)  Meat 
A)  Eggs 
B)  Instant oatmeal 
C)  Cheese 
D)  Seafood 
E)  Meat B

Question 2

Which is the least significant factor influencing development of dental caries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Susceptibility of the host or tooth 
B)  A sufficient quantity of cariogenic microorganisms in the mouth 
C)  Gender of the host 
D)  The presence of fermentable carbohydrates 
A)  Susceptibility of the host or tooth 
B)  A sufficient quantity of cariogenic microorganisms in the mouth 
C)  Gender of the host 
D)  The presence of fermentable carbohydrates C

Question 3

As the frequency of fermentable carbohydrate intake increases,which event occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pH increases. 
B)  The pH decreases. 
C)  Salivary protective buffering capacity increases. 
D)  Salivary immunoglobulin A increases. 
E)  Salivary buffering capacity remains active if the carbohydrate is a natural sugar, such as honey or molasses. 
A)  The pH increases. 
B)  The pH decreases. 
C)  Salivary protective buffering capacity increases. 
D)  Salivary immunoglobulin A increases. 
E)  Salivary buffering capacity remains active if the carbohydrate is a natural sugar, such as honey or molasses. B

Question 4

The timing of an acidic food within a meal has little effect on cariogenicity.Cariogenic foods create less risk of enamel demineralization if followed by a noncariogenic or cariostatic food.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 5

Polysaccharides such as rice,potatoes,and corn (starches)are less cariogenic than monosaccharides because the physical and chemical properties of starches render complex carbohydrates less damaging to enamel.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 6

Energy drinks cause each condition,except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nervousness 
B)  Bradycardia 
C)  Seizures 
D)  Dental caries 
E)  Cardiac arrest 
A)  Nervousness 
B)  Bradycardia 
C)  Seizures 
D)  Dental caries 
E)  Cardiac arrest

Question 7

Which are major factors in the dental caries process? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Depth of the natural anatomic pits and fissures 
B)  Overlapping and crowded teeth 
C)  Race of ethnic group 
D)  Income 
E)  Chlorhexidine use 
A)  Depth of the natural anatomic pits and fissures 
B)  Overlapping and crowded teeth 
C)  Race of ethnic group 
D)  Income 
E)  Chlorhexidine use

Question 8

Tooth surfaces have remineralization potential because the plaque biofilms in saliva provide a buffering action.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 9

Grapefruit and other fruits containing citric acid are considered noncariogenic because of these foods can stimulate saliva production.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 10

Demineralization of enamel occurs when the critical pH of 5.5 is reached.In interproximal areas or in deep pits and fissures,the pH can decrease to 5 and remain at that pH for 30 minutes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 11

Probiotics are live bacteria that are beneficial to the host.Emerging research indicates consumption of probiotics may have properties that interrupt caries formation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 12

Salivary flow is stimulated the most by foods rich in:

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium. 
B)  vitamin D. 
C)  protein. 
D)  fiber. 
A)  calcium. 
B)  vitamin D. 
C)  protein. 
D)  fiber.

Question 13

Malnutrition in developing countries is a consequence of each,except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extreme loss of certain vitamins in staple foods 
B)  Increased beta-carotene in rice 
C)  Losses during crop processing 
D)  Overreliance on a single primary food source 
A)  Extreme loss of certain vitamins in staple foods 
B)  Increased beta-carotene in rice 
C)  Losses during crop processing 
D)  Overreliance on a single primary food source

Question 14

Which components should the dental hygienist include while assessing the quality of a patient's meal pattern and eating habits? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  A food diary 
B)  MyPlate used as a guide 
C)  Asking patient to highlight all fermentable carbohydrates on the food diary 
D)  Classify each fermentable carbohydrate as high quality or low quality 
E)  Suggesting cariogenic snacks that provide the longest oral clearance time 
A)  A food diary 
B)  MyPlate used as a guide 
C)  Asking patient to highlight all fermentable carbohydrates on the food diary 
D)  Classify each fermentable carbohydrate as high quality or low quality 
E)  Suggesting cariogenic snacks that provide the longest oral clearance time

Question 15

An excellent snack for dental hygienists to recommend is raisins.The pH of diet and regular soft drinks,bottled teas,and sports drink ranges from 2.5 to 3.5.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 16

Primary bacteria involved in initiation of dental caries are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species. 
B)  Salmonella and Listeria species. 
C)  Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Salmonella species. 
D)  Listeria and Botulinum species and Escherichia coli. 
A)  Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species. 
B)  Salmonella and Listeria species. 
C)  Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Salmonella species. 
D)  Listeria and Botulinum species and Escherichia coli.

Question 17

Each is true regarding oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates,except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Longer exposure leads increases risk of demineralization. 
B)  Longer exposure increases opportunity for remineralization. 
C)  The Stephan curve shows pH changes within plaque after rinsing with a sugar solution. 
D)  The critical pH at which enamel decalcification occurs is 5.5 or less. 
E)  Frequency of carbohydrate consumption increases caries risk. 
A)  Longer exposure leads increases risk of demineralization. 
B)  Longer exposure increases opportunity for remineralization. 
C)  The Stephan curve shows pH changes within plaque after rinsing with a sugar solution. 
D)  The critical pH at which enamel decalcification occurs is 5.5 or less. 
E)  Frequency of carbohydrate consumption increases caries risk.

Question 18

Each has the potential to initiate demineralization,except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Casein 
B)  Streptococcus mutans 
C)  Lactobacillus 
D)  Plaque biofilms 
A)  Casein 
B)  Streptococcus mutans 
C)  Lactobacillus 
D)  Plaque biofilms

Question 19

Increasing low-fat milk intake as a saliva substitute can offer protection against caries for patients experiencing xerostomia because physical properties of milk are comparable to saliva.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 20

Each is true of genetically modified (GM)foods,except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  No studies on GM food safety have tracked the long-term effect GMOs may have. 
B)  Altering the genetic makeup of plants and animals has been very controversial. 
C)  GM foods are modified in the laboratory and marketed to speed growth, resist disease, and improve nutritional quality. 
D)  One main concern of GM foods is their potential to provoke allergic reactions. 
E)  Newly created GM foods are subject to FDA regulations. 
A)  No studies on GM food safety have tracked the long-term effect GMOs may have. 
B)  Altering the genetic makeup of plants and animals has been very controversial. 
C)  GM foods are modified in the laboratory and marketed to speed growth, resist disease, and improve nutritional quality. 
D)  One main concern of GM foods is their potential to provoke allergic reactions. 
E)  Newly created GM foods are subject to FDA regulations.

Exam 18: Nutritional Aspects of Dental Caries: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

Each has cariostatic properties,except one.Which is the exception?

Which is the least significant factor influencing development of dental caries?

As the frequency of fermentable carbohydrate intake increases,which event occurs?

The timing of an acidic food within a meal has little effect on cariogenicity.Cariogenic foods create less risk of enamel demineralization if followed by a noncariogenic or cariostatic food.

Polysaccharides such as rice,potatoes,and corn (starches)are less cariogenic than monosaccharides because the physical and chemical properties of starches render complex carbohydrates less damaging to enamel.

Energy drinks cause each condition,except one.Which is the exception?

Which are major factors in the dental caries process? (Select all that apply.)

Tooth surfaces have remineralization potential because the plaque biofilms in saliva provide a buffering action.

Grapefruit and other fruits containing citric acid are considered noncariogenic because of these foods can stimulate saliva production.

Demineralization of enamel occurs when the critical pH of 5.5 is reached.In interproximal areas or in deep pits and fissures,the pH can decrease to 5 and remain at that pH for 30 minutes.

Probiotics are live bacteria that are beneficial to the host.Emerging research indicates consumption of probiotics may have properties that interrupt caries formation.

Salivary flow is stimulated the most by foods rich in:

Malnutrition in developing countries is a consequence of each,except one.Which is the exception?

Which components should the dental hygienist include while assessing the quality of a patient's meal pattern and eating habits? (Select all that apply.)

An excellent snack for dental hygienists to recommend is raisins.The pH of diet and regular soft drinks,bottled teas,and sports drink ranges from 2.5 to 3.5.

Primary bacteria involved in initiation of dental caries are:

Each is true regarding oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates,except one.Which is the exception?

Each has the potential to initiate demineralization,except one.Which is the exception?

Increasing low-fat milk intake as a saliva substitute can offer protection against caries for patients experiencing xerostomia because physical properties of milk are comparable to saliva.

Each is true of genetically modified (GM)foods,except one.Which is the exception?

Overview of Healthy Eating Habits

Concepts in Biochemistry

The Alimentary Canal: Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrate: The Efficient Fuel

Protein: The Cellular Foundation

Lipids: The Condensed Energy

Use of the Energy Nutrients: Metabolism and Balance

Vitamins Required for Calcified Structures

Minerals Essential for Calcified Structures

Nutrients Present in Calcified Structures

Vitamins Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands

Water and Minerals Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands

Nutritional Requirements Affecting Oral Health in Women

Nutritional Requirements During Growth and Development and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health

Nutritional Requirements for Older Adults and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health

Other Considerations Affecting Nutrient Intake

Effects of Systemic Disease on Nutritional Status and Oral Health

Nutritional Aspects of Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease

Nutritional Aspects of Alterations in the Oral Cavity

Nutritional Assessment and Counseling for Dental Hygiene Patients

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