Question 1

Which ingredient(s)found in tea is(are)considered beneficial to health?

Accepted Answer

A)  Senna 
B)  Polyphenols 
C)  Buckthorn 
D)  Aloe 
A)  Senna 
B)  Polyphenols 
C)  Buckthorn 
D)  Aloe B

Question 2

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description.
-Separate fluid compartments

Accepted Answer

A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia 
A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia A

Question 3

Which accurately describes a physiologic role or use for iron? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron is present in every cell including both oral soft and hard tissues. 
B)  This nutrient is involved in the conversion of beta-carotene to protein. 
C)  Iron incorporates and distributes lipids within the blood. 
D)  Approximately 4 g (less than 1 tsp) is present in the body. 
E)  Lactoferrin, a salivary glycoprotein, is capable of binding iron. 
A)  Iron is present in every cell including both oral soft and hard tissues. 
B)  This nutrient is involved in the conversion of beta-carotene to protein. 
C)  Iron incorporates and distributes lipids within the blood. 
D)  Approximately 4 g (less than 1 tsp) is present in the body. 
E)  Lactoferrin, a salivary glycoprotein, is capable of binding iron. A,D,E

Question 4

High pH levels of sports and energy drinks resulting from hydrochloric acid content causes irreversible damage to teeth in just 5 days.Energy drinks cause twice as much damage to teeth as sports drinks do.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 5

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description.
-Primary anion in extracellular fluid

Accepted Answer

A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia 
A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia

Question 6

Post-meal coffee or tea should be consumed 2 hours after eating because caffeine decreases iron absorption.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 7

During heat exhaustion,a sodium deficit results in hyponatremia.Early symptoms include nausea,abdominal cramps,headache,hyperactivity,and excessive talking.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 8

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description.
-Excessive sweating

Accepted Answer

A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia 
A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia

Question 9

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description.
-Severe hypothyroidism

Accepted Answer

A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia 
A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia

Question 10

Approximately 25% of reputable producers of bottled water use groundwater as their water source.Plain tap water is the most natural source of fluids.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 11

Calcium and magnesium are among the nutrients added to sports drinks to restore fluid balance during exercise because these minerals are not readily available in a well-balanced diet.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 12

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description.
-Absorption of iron at an increased rate

Accepted Answer

A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia 
A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia

Question 13

Which accurately describes thirst,as it relates to physiologic aspects of hydration? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  The early sign of the need for fluid is often mistaken for hunger. 
B)  Older patients often have a reduced sensation of thirst. 
C)  Increased blood pressure stimulates release of theanine, which leads to the release of aldosterone. 
D)  Release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex causes blood pressure to increase. 
E)  The ability to regulate water balance is not precise in infants and older adults. 
A)  The early sign of the need for fluid is often mistaken for hunger. 
B)  Older patients often have a reduced sensation of thirst. 
C)  Increased blood pressure stimulates release of theanine, which leads to the release of aldosterone. 
D)  Release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex causes blood pressure to increase. 
E)  The ability to regulate water balance is not precise in infants and older adults.

Question 14

Dissolved substances that freely cross cellular membranes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  osmoreceptors. 
B)  solutes. 
C)  renin. 
D)  cations. 
A)  osmoreceptors. 
B)  solutes. 
C)  renin. 
D)  cations.

Question 15

Sodium deficiency can lead to an increased salivary flow rate.High levels of sodium (greater than 2 g/day)cause calcium retention in the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 16

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description.
-Liberates water

Accepted Answer

A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia 
A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia

Question 17

Equalization of solute concentration of intracellular fluids (ICFs)and extracellular fluids (ECFs)is accomplished by:

Accepted Answer

A)  semipermeable membranes. 
B)  hydration. 
C)  osmotic pressure. 
D)  perspiration. 
A)  semipermeable membranes. 
B)  hydration. 
C)  osmotic pressure. 
D)  perspiration.

Question 18

Thyroxine is produced by iron.Thyroxine,produced by the thyroid gland regulates basal metabolic rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 19

The RDA for iron is higher in premenopausal women than for men or postmenopausal women because of the blood loss during menstruation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 20

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description.
-Negatively charged electrolytes

Accepted Answer

A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia 
A) Semipermeable membrane 
B) Osmosis 
C) Hemochromatosis 
D) Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate 
E) Antidiuretic hormone
F)Osmoreceptors
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Potassium loss
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia

Exam 12: Water and Minerals Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands

Which ingredient(s)found in tea is(are)considered beneficial to health?

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description. -Separate fluid compartments

Which accurately describes a physiologic role or use for iron? (Select all that apply.)

High pH levels of sports and energy drinks resulting from hydrochloric acid content causes irreversible damage to teeth in just 5 days.Energy drinks cause twice as much damage to teeth as sports drinks do.

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description. -Primary anion in extracellular fluid

Post-meal coffee or tea should be consumed 2 hours after eating because caffeine decreases iron absorption.

During heat exhaustion,a sodium deficit results in hyponatremia.Early symptoms include nausea,abdominal cramps,headache,hyperactivity,and excessive talking.

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description. -Excessive sweating

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description. -Severe hypothyroidism

Approximately 25% of reputable producers of bottled water use groundwater as their water source.Plain tap water is the most natural source of fluids.

Calcium and magnesium are among the nutrients added to sports drinks to restore fluid balance during exercise because these minerals are not readily available in a well-balanced diet.

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description. -Absorption of iron at an increased rate

Which accurately describes thirst,as it relates to physiologic aspects of hydration? (Select all that apply.)

Dissolved substances that freely cross cellular membranes are:

Sodium deficiency can lead to an increased salivary flow rate.High levels of sodium (greater than 2 g/day)cause calcium retention in the kidneys.

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description. -Liberates water

Equalization of solute concentration of intracellular fluids (ICFs)and extracellular fluids (ECFs)is accomplished by:

Thyroxine is produced by iron.Thyroxine,produced by the thyroid gland regulates basal metabolic rate.

The RDA for iron is higher in premenopausal women than for men or postmenopausal women because of the blood loss during menstruation.

The ability to assess and treat soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity demands an understanding of the fluids and minerals necessary for health. Match each item function, process, or element with its most appropriate description. -Negatively charged electrolytes

Overview of Healthy Eating Habits

Concepts in Biochemistry

The Alimentary Canal: Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrate: The Efficient Fuel

Protein: The Cellular Foundation

Lipids: The Condensed Energy

Use of the Energy Nutrients: Metabolism and Balance

Vitamins Required for Calcified Structures

Minerals Essential for Calcified Structures

Nutrients Present in Calcified Structures

Vitamins Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands

Nutritional Requirements Affecting Oral Health in Women

Nutritional Requirements During Growth and Development and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health

Nutritional Requirements for Older Adults and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health

Other Considerations Affecting Nutrient Intake

Effects of Systemic Disease on Nutritional Status and Oral Health

Nutritional Aspects of Dental Caries: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

Nutritional Aspects of Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease

Nutritional Aspects of Alterations in the Oral Cavity

Nutritional Assessment and Counseling for Dental Hygiene Patients

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