Exam 18: Nutritional Aspects of Dental Caries: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)are formed by inserting lab-manufactured DNA into a plant,animal,or microorganism.The first genetically modified (GM)food,introduced in the mid-1990s,was the herbicide-resistant soybean.

Which food selection has the most fermentable carbohydrate?

Which ingredients are anticariogenic? (Select all that apply.)

Each group represents situations presenting high caries risk,except one.Which is the exception?

Nonnutritive sweeteners are not metabolized by microorganisms and do not promote dental caries.Products made with a nonnutritive sweetener can be used as frequently as 8 to 10 times per day.

Protein and fat are considered cariogenic because consumption of foods with these two nutrients following a fermentable carbohydrate may decrease pH.

Cariogenic snacks before bedtime are advised if they are within 2 hours of a meal because salivary flow is reduced when sleeping and clearance of plaque acids is limited.

Xylitol-containing chewing gums reduce caries rates by inhibiting microbial growth.The dental hygienist should recommend antacids and cough drops as salivary substitutes because they have anticariogenic properties.

Participants in the Vipeholm study who ate foods high in sugar between meals had a significantly higher decay rate than participants who consumed these foods at mealtime only.This result supports the concept that parents should refrain from giving between meal snacks to children.

Although cheeses contain caries inhibitive casein,chewing hard cheeses increases caries potential because lactose is cariogenic.

The physical form of pretzels,a crunchy snack,makes them less cariogenic than a chewy food,such as caramels because pretzels have a faster oral clearance time.

Which nutrients have a significant effect on the development of prenatal salivary gland development? (Select all that apply.)

Which food would be least beneficial for an individual wanting to restrict both plaque acid and fat intake?

Each applies to the Caries Management by Risk Assessment,except one.Which is the exception?

Which provide mechanisms that increase tooth resistance to demineralization and the caries process? (Select all that apply.)

Which accurately describes the cariogenic potential of foods,habits,and digestion? (Select all that apply.)

Which has the least effect on cariogenicity?

Which accurately describe aspects of genetically modified foods? (Select all that apply.)

Each,except one,can cause the pH of human interproximal plaque to fall to less than 5.5.Which is the exception?