Question 1

What portion of the urea in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  50% 
B)  99% 
C)  100% 
D)  <1% 
A)  50% 
B)  99% 
C)  100% 
D)  <1%

Question 2

Into what vessels do the interlobar arteries divide at the base of the renal pyramids?

Accepted Answer

A)  arcuate arteries 
B)  interlobular arteries 
C)  afferent arterioles 
D)  peritubular capillaries 
A)  arcuate arteries 
B)  interlobular arteries 
C)  afferent arterioles 
D)  peritubular capillaries

Question 3

What is the term for the middle two-third of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla 
B)  cortex 
C)  calcyx 
D)  pelvis 
A)  medulla 
B)  cortex 
C)  calcyx 
D)  pelvis

Question 4

How does advanced renal failure affect K+ ion and H+ ion levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are increased 
B)  Both are decreased 
C)  K+ is decreased and H+ is increased 
D)  H+ is decreased and K+ is increased 
A)  Both are increased 
B)  Both are decreased 
C)  K+ is decreased and H+ is increased 
D)  H+ is decreased and K+ is increased

Question 5

How does fluid sequestration impact the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluid sequestration leads to hypovolemia leading to a sharp reduction in urine output and prerenal failure 
B)  Fluid sequestration leads to fluid retention resulting in an increase in urine output resulting in prerenal failure 
C)  Fluid sequestration leads to an elevated BP, increases urine output, and leads to prerenal failure 
D)  Fluid sequestration leads to fluid retention causing a drop in ADH release, an increased urine output, and prerenal failure 
A)  Fluid sequestration leads to hypovolemia leading to a sharp reduction in urine output and prerenal failure 
B)  Fluid sequestration leads to fluid retention resulting in an increase in urine output resulting in prerenal failure 
C)  Fluid sequestration leads to an elevated BP, increases urine output, and leads to prerenal failure 
D)  Fluid sequestration leads to fluid retention causing a drop in ADH release, an increased urine output, and prerenal failure

Question 6

Cancer of the kidneys accounts for what percent of all cancers?

Accepted Answer

A)  1-2% 
B)  5% 
C)  8% 
D)  12% 
A)  1-2% 
B)  5% 
C)  8% 
D)  12%

Question 7

How do kidneys control an elevated sodium level in the extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  by increasing the secretion of ADH and stimulating thirst 
B)  by decreasing the secretion of ADH and stimulating thirst 
C)  by increasing the secretion of aldosterone and stimulating thirst 
D)  by increasing the secretion of aldosterone and decreasing the secretion of ADH 
A)  by increasing the secretion of ADH and stimulating thirst 
B)  by decreasing the secretion of ADH and stimulating thirst 
C)  by increasing the secretion of aldosterone and stimulating thirst 
D)  by increasing the secretion of aldosterone and decreasing the secretion of ADH

Question 8

Into what vessels does the renal artery divide?

Accepted Answer

A)  interlobar arteries 
B)  interlobular arteries 
C)  arcuate arteries 
D)  afferent arterioles 
A)  interlobar arteries 
B)  interlobular arteries 
C)  arcuate arteries 
D)  afferent arterioles

Question 9

Which of the following are functions of the renal system in acid base balance?
I.Regulate excretion of H+
II.Regulate reabsorption of bicarbonate ions
III.Regulate excretion of PCO₂

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I only 
D)  II only 
A)  I and II only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I only 
D)  II only

Question 10

What is the approximate osmolality of the juxtamedullary nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  1200 mOsm/L 
B)  300 mOsm/L 
C)  150 mOsm/L 
D)  600 mOsm/L 
A)  1200 mOsm/L 
B)  300 mOsm/L 
C)  150 mOsm/L 
D)  600 mOsm/L

Question 11

Which acid base abnormality can result from elevated plasma Cl⁻ ion levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperchloremic acidosis 
B)  hyperchloremic alkalosis 
C)  hypochloremic acidosis 
D)  hypochloremic alkalosis 
A)  hyperchloremic acidosis 
B)  hyperchloremic alkalosis 
C)  hypochloremic acidosis 
D)  hypochloremic alkalosis

Question 12

Where does urine formation begin?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal corpuscle 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  loop of Henle 
A)  renal corpuscle 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  loop of Henle

Question 13

After waste products leave the renal pelvis,what is the next structure they enter?

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter 
B)  urethra 
C)  bladder 
D)  major calyces 
A)  ureter 
B)  urethra 
C)  bladder 
D)  major calyces

What portion of the urea in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the blood?

Into what vessels do the interlobar arteries divide at the base of the renal pyramids?

What is the term for the middle two-third of the kidney?

How does advanced renal failure affect K+ ion and H+ ion levels?

How does fluid sequestration impact the kidneys?

Cancer of the kidneys accounts for what percent of all cancers?

How do kidneys control an elevated sodium level in the extracellular fluid?

Into what vessels does the renal artery divide?

Which of the following are functions of the renal system in acid base balance? I.Regulate excretion of H+ II.Regulate reabsorption of bicarbonate ions III.Regulate excretion of PCO₂

What is the approximate osmolality of the juxtamedullary nephrons?

Which acid base abnormality can result from elevated plasma Cl⁻ ion levels?

Where does urine formation begin?

After waste products leave the renal pelvis,what is the next structure they enter?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport

Acid Base Balance

Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12 ECG System

ECG Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Exam 16: Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

What portion of the urea in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the blood?

Into what vessels do the interlobar arteries divide at the base of the renal pyramids?

What is the term for the middle two-third of the kidney?

How does advanced renal failure affect K+ ion and H+ ion levels?

How does fluid sequestration impact the kidneys?

Cancer of the kidneys accounts for what percent of all cancers?

How do kidneys control an elevated sodium level in the extracellular fluid?

Into what vessels does the renal artery divide?

Which of the following are functions of the renal system in acid base balance? I.Regulate excretion of H+ II.Regulate reabsorption of bicarbonate ions III.Regulate excretion of PCO₂

What is the approximate osmolality of the juxtamedullary nephrons?

Which acid base abnormality can result from elevated plasma Cl⁻ ion levels?

Where does urine formation begin?

After waste products leave the renal pelvis,what is the next structure they enter?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport

Acid Base Balance

Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12 ECG System

ECG Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters