Question 1

Which substance is reabsorbed by osmosis in the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  glucose 
C)  H+ 
D)  K+ 
A)  water 
B)  glucose 
C)  H+ 
D)  K+

Question 2

What is the funnel shaped structure formed within the kidney from the expansion of the ureter?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis 
B)  hilum 
C)  medulla 
D)  renal papillae 
A)  renal pelvis 
B)  hilum 
C)  medulla 
D)  renal papillae

Question 3

What is the normal range for specific gravity of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.003 - 1.030 
B)  1.030 - 1.30 
C)  1.012-1.033 
D)  1.00 -1.002 
A)  1.003 - 1.030 
B)  1.030 - 1.30 
C)  1.012-1.033 
D)  1.00 -1.002

Question 4

How would the body respond to a systemic capillary pressure of 22 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

A)  In response to the elevated pressure, fluid would leak into the tissue spaces lowering the blood volume 
B)  In response to the decreased pressure, fluid would be absorbed from the interstitial spaces to increase blood volume 
C)  In response to the elevated pressure, fluid would be absorbed from the interstitial spaces to increase blood volume 
D)  22 mm Hg is the normal systemic capillary prressure so no changes in blood volume would occur 
A)  In response to the elevated pressure, fluid would leak into the tissue spaces lowering the blood volume 
B)  In response to the decreased pressure, fluid would be absorbed from the interstitial spaces to increase blood volume 
C)  In response to the elevated pressure, fluid would be absorbed from the interstitial spaces to increase blood volume 
D)  22 mm Hg is the normal systemic capillary prressure so no changes in blood volume would occur

Question 5

What is the approximate hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)  55 mm Hg 
B)  15 mm Hg 
C)  30 mm Hg 
D)  5 mm Hg 
A)  55 mm Hg 
B)  15 mm Hg 
C)  30 mm Hg 
D)  5 mm Hg

Question 6

What percent of all cancers of early childhood can be attributed to Wilms' tumors?

Accepted Answer

A)  70% 
B)  50% 
C)  35% 
D)  15% 
A)  70% 
B)  50% 
C)  35% 
D)  15%

Question 7

How does positive pressure ventilation affect urinary output?

Accepted Answer

A)  It impedes venous return which stimulates ADH release and decreases urinary output 
B)  It enhances venous return which stimulates ADH release and increases urinary output 
C)  It impedes venous return which stimulates aldosterone release and decreases urinary output 
D)  It enhances venous return which stimulates alsosterone release and increases urinary output 
A)  It impedes venous return which stimulates ADH release and decreases urinary output 
B)  It enhances venous return which stimulates ADH release and increases urinary output 
C)  It impedes venous return which stimulates aldosterone release and decreases urinary output 
D)  It enhances venous return which stimulates alsosterone release and increases urinary output

Question 8

What is the average length and width of kidney in an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  12 cm long and 6 cm wide 
B)  6 cm long and 12 cm wide 
C)  12cm long and 3 cm wide 
D)  6 cm long and 3 cm wide 
A)  12 cm long and 6 cm wide 
B)  6 cm long and 12 cm wide 
C)  12cm long and 3 cm wide 
D)  6 cm long and 3 cm wide

Question 9

What is the normal osmolality of glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  300 mOsm/L 
B)  1200 mOsm/L 
C)  150 mOsm/L 
D)  600 mOsm/L 
A)  300 mOsm/L 
B)  1200 mOsm/L 
C)  150 mOsm/L 
D)  600 mOsm/L

Question 10

Which acid base abnormality would be a clinical manifestation of severe renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis

Question 11

What substance regulates the permeability of the collecting ducts?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  K+ 
C)  Mg+ 
D)  phosphate 
A)  ADH 
B)  K+ 
C)  Mg+ 
D)  phosphate

Question 12

Which of the following are classified as postrenal abnormalities?
I.Ureteral calculi
II.Bladder outlet obstruction
III.Fluid sequestration

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I only 
D)  III only 
A)  I and II only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I only 
D)  III only

Question 13

Under normal conditions,what is the osmotic pressure of the plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  30 mm Hg 
B)  55 mm Hg 
C)  15 mm Hg 
D)  5 mm Hg 
A)  30 mm Hg 
B)  55 mm Hg 
C)  15 mm Hg 
D)  5 mm Hg

Question 14

When the extracellular fluids become too alkaline,how do the kidneys respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  They excrete HCO₃- into the urine 
B)  They excrete HCO₃- into the blood 
C)  They add PCO₂ into the blood 
D)  They trigger the respiratory centers to hyperventilate 
A)  They excrete HCO₃- into the urine 
B)  They excrete HCO₃- into the blood 
C)  They add PCO₂ into the blood 
D)  They trigger the respiratory centers to hyperventilate

Question 15

Approximately what percent of newborns have life-threatening renal malformations?

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  15% 
C)  3% 
D)  6% 
A)  10% 
B)  15% 
C)  3% 
D)  6%

Question 16

What is one of the earliest clinical manifestations of prerenal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sharp reduction in urine output 
B)  a rapid rise in urine output 
C)  a sudden drop in K+ 
D)  a sudden retention of HCO₃- 
A)  a sharp reduction in urine output 
B)  a rapid rise in urine output 
C)  a sudden drop in K+ 
D)  a sudden retention of HCO₃-

Question 17

Where does the filtrate go after leaving the glomerular capillaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  minor calyces 
A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  minor calyces

Question 18

Which substance is reabsorbed by active transport by the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  water 
C)  H+ 
D)  K+ 
A)  glucose 
B)  water 
C)  H+ 
D)  K+

Question 19

Where are the stretch receptors known as volume receptors located?

Accepted Answer

A)  atria of the heart 
B)  kidneys 
C)  bladder 
D)  carotid arteries 
A)  atria of the heart 
B)  kidneys 
C)  bladder 
D)  carotid arteries

Question 20

Which of the following are prerenal abnormalities?
I.Prostatic hypertrophy
II.Renal ischemia
III.Septicemia
IV.Heart failure

Accepted Answer

A)  III and IV only 
B)  II, III, and IV 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I, II, III, and IV 
A)  III and IV only 
B)  II, III, and IV 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I, II, III, and IV

Which substance is reabsorbed by osmosis in the proximal tubule?

What is the funnel shaped structure formed within the kidney from the expansion of the ureter?

What is the normal range for specific gravity of urine?

How would the body respond to a systemic capillary pressure of 22 mm Hg?

What is the approximate hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary?

What percent of all cancers of early childhood can be attributed to Wilms' tumors?

How does positive pressure ventilation affect urinary output?

What is the average length and width of kidney in an adult?

What is the normal osmolality of glomerular filtrate?

Which acid base abnormality would be a clinical manifestation of severe renal failure?

What substance regulates the permeability of the collecting ducts?

Which of the following are classified as postrenal abnormalities? I.Ureteral calculi II.Bladder outlet obstruction III.Fluid sequestration

Under normal conditions,what is the osmotic pressure of the plasma?

When the extracellular fluids become too alkaline,how do the kidneys respond?

Approximately what percent of newborns have life-threatening renal malformations?

What is one of the earliest clinical manifestations of prerenal failure?

Where does the filtrate go after leaving the glomerular capillaries?

Which substance is reabsorbed by active transport by the proximal tubule?

Where are the stretch receptors known as volume receptors located?

Which of the following are prerenal abnormalities? I.Prostatic hypertrophy II.Renal ischemia III.Septicemia IV.Heart failure

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport

Acid Base Balance

Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12 ECG System

ECG Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

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Exam 16: Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Which substance is reabsorbed by osmosis in the proximal tubule?

What is the funnel shaped structure formed within the kidney from the expansion of the ureter?

What is the normal range for specific gravity of urine?

How would the body respond to a systemic capillary pressure of 22 mm Hg?

What is the approximate hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary?

What percent of all cancers of early childhood can be attributed to Wilms' tumors?

How does positive pressure ventilation affect urinary output?

What is the average length and width of kidney in an adult?

What is the normal osmolality of glomerular filtrate?

Which acid base abnormality would be a clinical manifestation of severe renal failure?

What substance regulates the permeability of the collecting ducts?

Which of the following are classified as postrenal abnormalities? I.Ureteral calculi II.Bladder outlet obstruction III.Fluid sequestration

Under normal conditions,what is the osmotic pressure of the plasma?

When the extracellular fluids become too alkaline,how do the kidneys respond?

Approximately what percent of newborns have life-threatening renal malformations?

What is one of the earliest clinical manifestations of prerenal failure?

Where does the filtrate go after leaving the glomerular capillaries?

Which substance is reabsorbed by active transport by the proximal tubule?

Where are the stretch receptors known as volume receptors located?

Which of the following are prerenal abnormalities? I.Prostatic hypertrophy II.Renal ischemia III.Septicemia IV.Heart failure

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport

Acid Base Balance

Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12 ECG System

ECG Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters