Question 1

If the pH is 7.60 and the PaCO₂ is 20 mmHg,what would the HCO₃- equal if the "rule of thumb" is applied?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 mEq/L 
B)  24 mEq/L 
C)  26 mEq/L 
D)  28 mEq/L 
A)  20 mEq/L 
B)  24 mEq/L 
C)  26 mEq/L 
D)  28 mEq/L A

Question 2

What changes would you expect in acid base balance in acute metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH and HCO₃- below normal 
B)  pH would be below normal range and HCO₃- would be normal 
C)  pH would be below normal and HCO₃- would be above normal limits 
D)  pH and HCO₃- would be above normal limits 
A)  pH and HCO₃- below normal 
B)  pH would be below normal range and HCO₃- would be normal 
C)  pH would be below normal and HCO₃- would be above normal limits 
D)  pH and HCO₃- would be above normal limits A

Question 3

Which of the following are examples of weak acids?
I.Acetic acid
II.Hydrochloric acid
III.Carbonic acid

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  II only 
C)  I, II, and III 
D)  II and III only 
A)  I and III only 
B)  II only 
C)  I, II, and III 
D)  II and III only A

Question 4

Which of the following are considered to be weak bases?
I.Bicarbonate ion
II.Sodium Hydroxide
III.Magnesium Hydroxide

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  II and III only 
D)  I and III only 
A)  I only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  II and III only 
D)  I and III only

Question 5

When partially compensated respiratory acidosis is present,which of the following would be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  PCO₂ above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO₃-above normal range 
B)  PCO₂ above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO₃- within normal range 
C)  PCO₂ above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO₃ within normal range 
D)  PCO₂ above normal, pH within normal range, HCO₃ below normal range 
A)  PCO₂ above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO₃-above normal range 
B)  PCO₂ above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO₃- within normal range 
C)  PCO₂ above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO₃ within normal range 
D)  PCO₂ above normal, pH within normal range, HCO₃ below normal range

Question 6

How does the body correct for alveolar hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiatory acidosis 
D)  It can't without the adminsitartion of supplemental oxygen 
A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiatory acidosis 
D)  It can't without the adminsitartion of supplemental oxygen

Question 7

What is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 
B)  HCO₃- 
C)  acid 
D)  buffer 
A)  pH 
B)  HCO₃- 
C)  acid 
D)  buffer

Question 8

When acute ventilatory failure with complete partial renal compensation is present,which of the following would be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  PCO₂ above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO₃ above normal range 
B)  PCO₂ above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO₃- within normal range 
C)  PCO₂ above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO₃-above normal range 
D)  PCO₂ above normal, pH within normal range, HCO₃ below normal range 
A)  PCO₂ above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO₃ above normal range 
B)  PCO₂ above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO₃- within normal range 
C)  PCO₂ above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO₃-above normal range 
D)  PCO₂ above normal, pH within normal range, HCO₃ below normal range

Question 9

How would the pH of pure water be expressed?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 -7 mol/L 
B)  7 -10 mol/L 
C)  0 
D)  107 mol/L 
A)  10 -7 mol/L 
B)  7 -10 mol/L 
C)  0 
D)  107 mol/L

Question 10

When chronic alveolar hyperventialtion is completely compensated,which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  PaCO₂ will be lower than normal, pH will be within normal range, and HCO₃- will be lower than normal 
B)  PaCO₂ will be lower than normal, pH will be higher than normal normal range, and HCO₃- will be lower than normal 
C)  PaCO₂ will be lower than normal, pH will be lower than normal range, and HCO₃- will be lower than normal 
D)  PaCO₂ and pH will be within normal limits and HCO₃ will be below normal 
A)  PaCO₂ will be lower than normal, pH will be within normal range, and HCO₃- will be lower than normal 
B)  PaCO₂ will be lower than normal, pH will be higher than normal normal range, and HCO₃- will be lower than normal 
C)  PaCO₂ will be lower than normal, pH will be lower than normal range, and HCO₃- will be lower than normal 
D)  PaCO₂ and pH will be within normal limits and HCO₃ will be below normal

Question 11

Why does a patient with CO poisoning have cherry red skin coloring instead of cyanosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO rapidly fills sites on the hemoglobin where oxygen normally attaches. The high level of carboxyhemoglobin and saturated hemoglobin results in the red coloration 
B)  CO poisons the hemoglobin and chemical alters the erythrocyte making it incapable of carrying oxygen. The red color is due to compensatory polycythemia which occurs immediately. 
C)  CO causes the hemoglobin molecule to break apart. The red coloration is from the hemoglobin fragments under the skin 
D)  Patients with CO posioning hyperventilate so the red coloration is due to the increased WOB 
A)  CO rapidly fills sites on the hemoglobin where oxygen normally attaches. The high level of carboxyhemoglobin and saturated hemoglobin results in the red coloration 
B)  CO poisons the hemoglobin and chemical alters the erythrocyte making it incapable of carrying oxygen. The red color is due to compensatory polycythemia which occurs immediately. 
C)  CO causes the hemoglobin molecule to break apart. The red coloration is from the hemoglobin fragments under the skin 
D)  Patients with CO posioning hyperventilate so the red coloration is due to the increased WOB

Question 12

Under normal conditions what does pK equal?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.1 
B)  20.1 
C)  4.1 
D)  5.1 
A)  6.1 
B)  20.1 
C)  4.1 
D)  5.1

Question 13

What is the first line of defense in acid-base regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical buffer system 
B)  respiratory system 
C)  renal system 
D)  hepatic system 
A)  chemical buffer system 
B)  respiratory system 
C)  renal system 
D)  hepatic system

Question 14

What substances are released when carbonic acid dissociates?

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate ions and H+ 
B)  bicarbonate ions and OH- 
C)  bicarbonate ions and proteins 
D)  bicarbonate ions and water 
A)  bicarbonate ions and H+ 
B)  bicarbonate ions and OH- 
C)  bicarbonate ions and proteins 
D)  bicarbonate ions and water

Question 15

What is the body's most effective acid-base balance monitor and regulator?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal system 
B)  respiratory system 
C)  pons 
D)  peripheral chemoreceptors 
A)  renal system 
B)  respiratory system 
C)  pons 
D)  peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 16

Which of the following conditions are associated with chronic ventilatory failure?
I.COPD
II.Histoplasmosis
III.Kyphoscoliosis
IV.Chronic tuberculosis

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  I only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  I and IV only 
A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  I only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  I and IV only

Question 17

In the H-H equation,what value can be substituted for carbonic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  PCO₂ x 0.03 
B)  PCO₂ x 0.301 
C)  PCO₂ x 0.003 
D)  PCO₂ x 3 
A)  PCO₂ x 0.03 
B)  PCO₂ x 0.301 
C)  PCO₂ x 0.003 
D)  PCO₂ x 3

Question 18

What is the term for the situation that exists when the volume of CO₂ eliminated from the lungs is less than the volume of CO₂ produced at the tissue cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoventilation 
B)  hyperventilation 
C)  hypoperfusion 
D)  hyperperfusion 
A)  hypoventilation 
B)  hyperventilation 
C)  hypoperfusion 
D)  hyperperfusion

Question 19

What directly relates to the acidity of a solution ?

Accepted Answer

A)  concentration of free protons 
B)  concentration of bound protons 
C)  concentration of free electrons 
D)  concentration of bound anions 
A)  concentration of free protons 
B)  concentration of bound protons 
C)  concentration of free electrons 
D)  concentration of bound anions

Question 20

Which acid base abnormality is present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.63,PaCO₂ of 27 mmHg,and HCO₃- of 31 mEq/L?

Accepted Answer

A)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
B)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
A)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
B)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis

If the pH is 7.60 and the PaCO₂ is 20 mmHg,what would the HCO₃- equal if the "rule of thumb" is applied?

What changes would you expect in acid base balance in acute metabolic acidosis?

Which of the following are examples of weak acids? I.Acetic acid II.Hydrochloric acid III.Carbonic acid

Which of the following are considered to be weak bases? I.Bicarbonate ion II.Sodium Hydroxide III.Magnesium Hydroxide

When partially compensated respiratory acidosis is present,which of the following would be true?

How does the body correct for alveolar hyperventilation?

What is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration?

When acute ventilatory failure with complete partial renal compensation is present,which of the following would be true?

How would the pH of pure water be expressed?

When chronic alveolar hyperventialtion is completely compensated,which of the following would occur?

Why does a patient with CO poisoning have cherry red skin coloring instead of cyanosis?

Under normal conditions what does pK equal?

What is the first line of defense in acid-base regulation?

What substances are released when carbonic acid dissociates?

What is the body's most effective acid-base balance monitor and regulator?

Which of the following conditions are associated with chronic ventilatory failure? I.COPD II.Histoplasmosis III.Kyphoscoliosis IV.Chronic tuberculosis

In the H-H equation,what value can be substituted for carbonic acid?

What is the term for the situation that exists when the volume of CO₂ eliminated from the lungs is less than the volume of CO₂ produced at the tissue cells?

What directly relates to the acidity of a solution ?

Which acid base abnormality is present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.63,PaCO₂ of 27 mmHg,and HCO₃- of 31 mEq/L?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport

Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12 ECG System

ECG Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Exam 7: Acid Base Balance

If the pH is 7.60 and the PaCO₂ is 20 mmHg,what would the HCO₃- equal if the "rule of thumb" is applied?

What changes would you expect in acid base balance in acute metabolic acidosis?

Which of the following are examples of weak acids? I.Acetic acid II.Hydrochloric acid III.Carbonic acid

Which of the following are considered to be weak bases? I.Bicarbonate ion II.Sodium Hydroxide III.Magnesium Hydroxide

When partially compensated respiratory acidosis is present,which of the following would be true?

How does the body correct for alveolar hyperventilation?

What is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration?

When acute ventilatory failure with complete partial renal compensation is present,which of the following would be true?

How would the pH of pure water be expressed?

When chronic alveolar hyperventialtion is completely compensated,which of the following would occur?

Why does a patient with CO poisoning have cherry red skin coloring instead of cyanosis?

Under normal conditions what does pK equal?

What is the first line of defense in acid-base regulation?

What substances are released when carbonic acid dissociates?

What is the body's most effective acid-base balance monitor and regulator?

Which of the following conditions are associated with chronic ventilatory failure? I.COPD II.Histoplasmosis III.Kyphoscoliosis IV.Chronic tuberculosis

In the H-H equation,what value can be substituted for carbonic acid?

What is the term for the situation that exists when the volume of CO₂ eliminated from the lungs is less than the volume of CO₂ produced at the tissue cells?

What directly relates to the acidity of a solution ?

Which acid base abnormality is present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.63,PaCO₂ of 27 mmHg,and HCO₃- of 31 mEq/L?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport

Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12 ECG System

ECG Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters