Question 1

Which of the follwoing are components of the chemical buffer system?
I.Carbonic-acid buffer system
II.Phosphate buffer system
III.Protein buffer system

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and III 
B)  I only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I and III only 
A)  I, II, and III 
B)  I only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I and III only

Question 2

What is the term for the ability of an acid-base mixture to resist sudden changes in pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  buffer action 
B)  ionization rate 
C)  dissociation coefficient 
D)  ionization coefficient 
A)  buffer action 
B)  ionization rate 
C)  dissociation coefficient 
D)  ionization coefficient

Question 3

What is the alternate name of the acid base abnormality resulting from a decreased HCO₃-?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperchloremic metabolic alkalosis 
B)  hypernatremic metabolic alkalosis 
C)  hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 
D)  hypernatremic metabolic acidosis 
A)  hyperchloremic metabolic alkalosis 
B)  hypernatremic metabolic alkalosis 
C)  hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 
D)  hypernatremic metabolic acidosis

Question 4

Which of the following is defined as a proton donor?

Accepted Answer

A)  acid 
B)  base 
C)  buffer 
D)  protein 
A)  acid 
B)  base 
C)  buffer 
D)  protein

Question 5

What is the normal range for pH of arterial blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  7.35-7.45 
B)  7.30-7.40 
C)  7.45-7.55 
D)  7.20-7.30 
A)  7.35-7.45 
B)  7.30-7.40 
C)  7.45-7.55 
D)  7.20-7.30

Question 6

If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 30 and the log of 30 equals 1.48),what would the pH equal?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH would be 7.58 
B)  pH would be 7.48 
C)  pH would be 7.148 
D)  insufficent information to calculate 
A)  pH would be 7.58 
B)  pH would be 7.48 
C)  pH would be 7.148 
D)  insufficent information to calculate

Question 7

Which acid base abnormality would likely occur in a patient with acute ventilatory failure who has a complete cardiac and respiratory arrest?

Accepted Answer

A)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
B)  metabolic acidosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
A)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
B)  metabolic acidosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

Question 8

Which of the following are associated with acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia?
I.Pneumonia
II.Pulmonary Edema
III.ARDS
IV.Pain,anxiety and fear

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and III 
B)  I , II, III, and IV 
C)  I, II and III only 
D)  II, III, and IV only 
A)  I, II, and III 
B)  I , II, III, and IV 
C)  I, II and III only 
D)  II, III, and IV only

Question 9

A semi-conscious patient with a severe asthma episode continues to deteriorate clinically in ER and does not respond to treatment.Which acid base abnormality would you expect to be present?

Accepted Answer

A)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
B)  respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
A)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
B)  respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis

Question 10

What is the normal range for the anion gap (in mEq/L)?

Accepted Answer

A)  9-14 
B)  5-8 
C)  15-18 
D)  18-21 
A)  9-14 
B)  5-8 
C)  15-18 
D)  18-21

Question 11

Which system has up to two times the buffering power of all of the chemical buffering systems combined?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory system 
B)  renal system 
C)  gastric buffering system 
D)  hepatic buffering system 
A)  respiratory system 
B)  renal system 
C)  gastric buffering system 
D)  hepatic buffering system

Question 12

What is defined as a proton acceptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  base 
B)  acid 
C)  buffer 
D)  protein 
A)  base 
B)  acid 
C)  buffer 
D)  protein

Question 13

When acute alveolar hyperventilation is present,which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  PaCO₂ is below normal limits, pH is above normal limits, and HCO₃- is within normal limits 
B)  PaCO₂ is below normal limits and pH and HCO₃- are within normal limits 
C)  PaCO₂ is below normal limits, pH is above normal, and HCO₃- is above normal limits 
D)  PaCO₂, pH and HCO₃ are all below normal limits 
A)  PaCO₂ is below normal limits, pH is above normal limits, and HCO₃- is within normal limits 
B)  PaCO₂ is below normal limits and pH and HCO₃- are within normal limits 
C)  PaCO₂ is below normal limits, pH is above normal, and HCO₃- is above normal limits 
D)  PaCO₂, pH and HCO₃ are all below normal limits

Question 14

What is an alternate term for acute alveolar hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory alkalosis 
B)  respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic acidosis 
D)  metabolic alkalosis 
A)  respiratory alkalosis 
B)  respiratory acidosis 
C)  metabolic acidosis 
D)  metabolic alkalosis

Question 15

What are the primary components of the phosphate buffer system?
I.sodium salts of dihydrogen phosphate
II.sodium salts of monohydrogen phosphate
III.sodium salts of trihydrogen phosphate

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I only 
D)  II and III only 
A)  I and II only 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I only 
D)  II and III only

Question 16

What is the interpretation of the acid base status for the following ABG: pH 7.08.PaCO₂ 75 mmHg,HCO₃- 20 mEq/L

Accepted Answer

A)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
B)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
C)  acute metabolic acidosis 
D)  acute respiratory acidosis 
A)  combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
B)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
C)  acute metabolic acidosis 
D)  acute respiratory acidosis

Question 17

Which of the following are causes of metabolic acidosis?
I.Diabetic ketoacidosis
II.Salicylate intoxication
III.Severe diarrhea
IV.Renal failure

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  I, II and III only 
C)  I and III only 
D)  II and III only 
A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  I, II and III only 
C)  I and III only 
D)  II and III only

Question 18

Which of the following would occur in partially compensated metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH, PaCO₂, and HCO₃- would be below normal limits 
B)  pH would be normal and PaCO₂ and HCO₃- would be below normal limits 
C)  pH would be above normal limits and PaCO₂ and HCO₃- would be below normal range 
D)  pH would be above normal limits, PaCO₂ would be above normal range, and HCO₃- would be below normal range 
A)  pH, PaCO₂, and HCO₃- would be below normal limits 
B)  pH would be normal and PaCO₂ and HCO₃- would be below normal limits 
C)  pH would be above normal limits and PaCO₂ and HCO₃- would be below normal range 
D)  pH would be above normal limits, PaCO₂ would be above normal range, and HCO₃- would be below normal range

Question 19

What is another term for acute respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  acute ventilatory failure 
B)  acute alveolar hyperventilation 
C)  chronic alveolar hyperventilation 
D)  chronic ventilatory failure 
A)  acute ventilatory failure 
B)  acute alveolar hyperventilation 
C)  chronic alveolar hyperventilation 
D)  chronic ventilatory failure

Question 20

What does the chemical formula (OH-)represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroxide ion 
B)  hydrogen ion 
C)  bicarbonate ion 
D)  phosphate ion 
A)  hydroxide ion 
B)  hydrogen ion 
C)  bicarbonate ion 
D)  phosphate ion

Which of the follwoing are components of the chemical buffer system? I.Carbonic-acid buffer system II.Phosphate buffer system III.Protein buffer system

What is the term for the ability of an acid-base mixture to resist sudden changes in pH?

What is the alternate name of the acid base abnormality resulting from a decreased HCO₃-?

Which of the following is defined as a proton donor?

What is the normal range for pH of arterial blood?

If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 30 and the log of 30 equals 1.48),what would the pH equal?

Which acid base abnormality would likely occur in a patient with acute ventilatory failure who has a complete cardiac and respiratory arrest?

Which of the following are associated with acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia? I.Pneumonia II.Pulmonary Edema III.ARDS IV.Pain,anxiety and fear

A semi-conscious patient with a severe asthma episode continues to deteriorate clinically in ER and does not respond to treatment.Which acid base abnormality would you expect to be present?

What is the normal range for the anion gap (in mEq/L)?

Which system has up to two times the buffering power of all of the chemical buffering systems combined?

What is defined as a proton acceptor?

When acute alveolar hyperventilation is present,which of the following would occur?

What is an alternate term for acute alveolar hyperventilation?

What are the primary components of the phosphate buffer system? I.sodium salts of dihydrogen phosphate II.sodium salts of monohydrogen phosphate III.sodium salts of trihydrogen phosphate

What is the interpretation of the acid base status for the following ABG: pH 7.08.PaCO₂ 75 mmHg,HCO₃- 20 mEq/L

Which of the following are causes of metabolic acidosis? I.Diabetic ketoacidosis II.Salicylate intoxication III.Severe diarrhea IV.Renal failure

Which of the following would occur in partially compensated metabolic acidosis?

What is another term for acute respiratory acidosis?

What does the chemical formula (OH-)represent?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport

Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12 ECG System

ECG Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

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Exam 7: Acid Base Balance

Which of the follwoing are components of the chemical buffer system? I.Carbonic-acid buffer system II.Phosphate buffer system III.Protein buffer system

What is the term for the ability of an acid-base mixture to resist sudden changes in pH?

What is the alternate name of the acid base abnormality resulting from a decreased HCO₃-?

Which of the following is defined as a proton donor?

What is the normal range for pH of arterial blood?

If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 30 and the log of 30 equals 1.48),what would the pH equal?

Which acid base abnormality would likely occur in a patient with acute ventilatory failure who has a complete cardiac and respiratory arrest?

Which of the following are associated with acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia? I.Pneumonia II.Pulmonary Edema III.ARDS IV.Pain,anxiety and fear

A semi-conscious patient with a severe asthma episode continues to deteriorate clinically in ER and does not respond to treatment.Which acid base abnormality would you expect to be present?

What is the normal range for the anion gap (in mEq/L)?

Which system has up to two times the buffering power of all of the chemical buffering systems combined?

What is defined as a proton acceptor?

When acute alveolar hyperventilation is present,which of the following would occur?

What is an alternate term for acute alveolar hyperventilation?

What are the primary components of the phosphate buffer system? I.sodium salts of dihydrogen phosphate II.sodium salts of monohydrogen phosphate III.sodium salts of trihydrogen phosphate

What is the interpretation of the acid base status for the following ABG: pH 7.08.PaCO₂ 75 mmHg,HCO₃- 20 mEq/L

Which of the following are causes of metabolic acidosis? I.Diabetic ketoacidosis II.Salicylate intoxication III.Severe diarrhea IV.Renal failure

Which of the following would occur in partially compensated metabolic acidosis?

What is another term for acute respiratory acidosis?

What does the chemical formula (OH-)represent?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport

Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12 ECG System

ECG Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters