Question 1

What percentage ofthe buffering power of body fluids is found in intercellular proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  75% 
B)  50% 
C)  25% 
D)  10% 
A)  75% 
B)  50% 
C)  25% 
D)  10%

Question 2

What is the term for substance that dissociates completely in water to liberate all of the H+?

Accepted Answer

A)  strong acid 
B)  weak acid 
C)  strong base 
D)  weak base 
A)  strong acid 
B)  weak acid 
C)  strong base 
D)  weak base

Question 3

Which of the following systems are capable of eliminating fixed acids?
I.Phosphate buffer system
II.Protein buffer system
III.Respiratory system
IV.Renal system

Accepted Answer

A)  IV only 
B)  III and IV only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I, II, and IV only 
A)  IV only 
B)  III and IV only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I, II, and IV only

Question 4

What does an anion gap of 18 mEq/L indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  lab error 
A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  lab error

Question 5

What is the body's most abundant buffering system?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein buffer system 
B)  phosphate buffer system 
C)  carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system 
D)  hepatic buffering system 
A)  protein buffer system 
B)  phosphate buffer system 
C)  carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system 
D)  hepatic buffering system

Question 6

Which acid base abnormality is suspected when a patient presents with Kussmaul's breathing and a fruity breath odor?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis

Question 7

What does an arterial pH of 7.48 indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  alkalosis or aklalemia 
B)  acidosis or acidemia 
C)  normal pH 
D)  insufficient information to assess 
A)  alkalosis or aklalemia 
B)  acidosis or acidemia 
C)  normal pH 
D)  insufficient information to assess

Question 8

Under normal conditions,what is the ratio between bicarbonate ions and H₂CO₃ in arterial blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  20:1 
B)  1:20 
C)  10:1 
D)  1:10 
A)  20:1 
B)  1:20 
C)  10:1 
D)  1:10

Question 9

What is the most common cause of acute respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoxemia 
B)  pain 
C)  fear and anxiety 
D)  pneumothorax 
A)  hypoxemia 
B)  pain 
C)  fear and anxiety 
D)  pneumothorax

Question 10

Which of the following are causes of metabolic alkalosis?
I.Hypochloremia
II.Excessive vomiting
III.Severe diarrhea
IV.Diuretic therapy

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and IV only 
B)  I, II, III, and IV 
C)  II and III only 
D)  I, II, and III only 
A)  I, II, and IV only 
B)  I, II, III, and IV 
C)  II and III only 
D)  I, II, and III only

Question 11

Which of the following systems are capable of regulating alkaline substances in the blood and restoring chemical buffers used in managing the H+ levels in extracellular fluids?
I.Phosphate buffer system
II.Protein buffer system
III.Respiratory system
IV.Renal system

Accepted Answer

A)  IV only 
B)  III only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  III and IV only 
A)  IV only 
B)  III only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  III and IV only

Question 12

What is the most common cause of an elevated anion gap?

Accepted Answer

A)  accumulation of fixed acids in the blood 
B)  depletion of fixed acids from the blood 
C)  hypoventilation 
D)  hyperventilation 
A)  accumulation of fixed acids in the blood 
B)  depletion of fixed acids from the blood 
C)  hypoventilation 
D)  hyperventilation

Question 13

Which of the following can cause acute ventilatory failure?
I.Guillian-Barre syndrome
II.General anesthesia
III.Head trauma
IV.Myasthenia gravis

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  I and IV only 
C)  II and III only 
D)  I, II, and IV only 
A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  I and IV only 
C)  II and III only 
D)  I, II, and IV only

Question 14

How does the ability of carbonic acid in changing the blood pH compare to that of the bicarbonate ion?

Accepted Answer

A)  twenty times more powerful 
B)  one-twentieth as powerful 
C)  six times more powerful 
D)  one-sixth as powerful 
A)  twenty times more powerful 
B)  one-twentieth as powerful 
C)  six times more powerful 
D)  one-sixth as powerful

Question 15

What is the fourth leading cause of death in the USA?

Accepted Answer

A)  COPD 
B)  cardiovascular disease 
C)  cancer 
D)  diabetes 
A)  COPD 
B)  cardiovascular disease 
C)  cancer 
D)  diabetes

Question 16

If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 15 and the log 15 equals 1.176),what would the pH equal?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH would be 7.28 
B)  pH would be 7.18 
C)  pH would be 7.58 
D)  insufficent information to calculate 
A)  pH would be 7.28 
B)  pH would be 7.18 
C)  pH would be 7.58 
D)  insufficent information to calculate

Question 17

Which acid base abnormality is present if the base excess is calculated to be -9 mEq/L?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis

Question 18

In relationship to acid-base balance,which molecules can be amphoteric?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein molecules 
B)  phosphate molecules 
C)  hydoxyl molecules 
D)  bicarbonate molecules 
A)  protein molecules 
B)  phosphate molecules 
C)  hydoxyl molecules 
D)  bicarbonate molecules

Question 19

What are the most commonly measured anions in the anion gap?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride and bicarbonate 
B)  sodium and chloride 
C)  bicarbonate and sodium 
D)  bicarbonate and potassium 
A)  chloride and bicarbonate 
B)  sodium and chloride 
C)  bicarbonate and sodium 
D)  bicarbonate and potassium

Question 20

What does an arterial pH of 7.30 indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidosis or acidemia 
B)  alkalosis or alkalemia 
C)  normal arterial value 
D)  insufficient information to assess 
A)  acidosis or acidemia 
B)  alkalosis or alkalemia 
C)  normal arterial value 
D)  insufficient information to assess

What percentage ofthe buffering power of body fluids is found in intercellular proteins?

What is the term for substance that dissociates completely in water to liberate all of the H+?

Which of the following systems are capable of eliminating fixed acids? I.Phosphate buffer system II.Protein buffer system III.Respiratory system IV.Renal system

What does an anion gap of 18 mEq/L indicate?

What is the body's most abundant buffering system?

Which acid base abnormality is suspected when a patient presents with Kussmaul's breathing and a fruity breath odor?

What does an arterial pH of 7.48 indicate?

Under normal conditions,what is the ratio between bicarbonate ions and H₂CO₃ in arterial blood?

What is the most common cause of acute respiratory alkalosis?

Which of the following are causes of metabolic alkalosis? I.Hypochloremia II.Excessive vomiting III.Severe diarrhea IV.Diuretic therapy

Which of the following systems are capable of regulating alkaline substances in the blood and restoring chemical buffers used in managing the H+ levels in extracellular fluids? I.Phosphate buffer system II.Protein buffer system III.Respiratory system IV.Renal system

What is the most common cause of an elevated anion gap?

Which of the following can cause acute ventilatory failure? I.Guillian-Barre syndrome II.General anesthesia III.Head trauma IV.Myasthenia gravis

How does the ability of carbonic acid in changing the blood pH compare to that of the bicarbonate ion?

What is the fourth leading cause of death in the USA?

If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 15 and the log 15 equals 1.176),what would the pH equal?

Which acid base abnormality is present if the base excess is calculated to be -9 mEq/L?

In relationship to acid-base balance,which molecules can be amphoteric?

What are the most commonly measured anions in the anion gap?

What does an arterial pH of 7.30 indicate?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport

Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12 ECG System

ECG Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

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Exam 7: Acid Base Balance

What percentage ofthe buffering power of body fluids is found in intercellular proteins?

What is the term for substance that dissociates completely in water to liberate all of the H+?

Which of the following systems are capable of eliminating fixed acids? I.Phosphate buffer system II.Protein buffer system III.Respiratory system IV.Renal system

What does an anion gap of 18 mEq/L indicate?

What is the body's most abundant buffering system?

Which acid base abnormality is suspected when a patient presents with Kussmaul's breathing and a fruity breath odor?

What does an arterial pH of 7.48 indicate?

Under normal conditions,what is the ratio between bicarbonate ions and H₂CO₃ in arterial blood?

What is the most common cause of acute respiratory alkalosis?

Which of the following are causes of metabolic alkalosis? I.Hypochloremia II.Excessive vomiting III.Severe diarrhea IV.Diuretic therapy

Which of the following systems are capable of regulating alkaline substances in the blood and restoring chemical buffers used in managing the H+ levels in extracellular fluids? I.Phosphate buffer system II.Protein buffer system III.Respiratory system IV.Renal system

What is the most common cause of an elevated anion gap?

Which of the following can cause acute ventilatory failure? I.Guillian-Barre syndrome II.General anesthesia III.Head trauma IV.Myasthenia gravis

How does the ability of carbonic acid in changing the blood pH compare to that of the bicarbonate ion?

What is the fourth leading cause of death in the USA?

If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 15 and the log 15 equals 1.176),what would the pH equal?

Which acid base abnormality is present if the base excess is calculated to be -9 mEq/L?

In relationship to acid-base balance,which molecules can be amphoteric?

What are the most commonly measured anions in the anion gap?

What does an arterial pH of 7.30 indicate?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport

Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12 ECG System

ECG Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters