Question 1

What is another name for the Hering-Breuer reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  inflation reflex 
B)  deflation reflex 
C)  irritant reflex 
D)  Head's paradoxical reflex 
A)  inflation reflex 
B)  deflation reflex 
C)  irritant reflex 
D)  Head's paradoxical reflex A

Question 2

In addition to ventilatory changes,which of the following can occur in response to peripheral
Chemoreceptor stimulation?
I.Peripheral vasoconstriction
II.Systemic arterial hypertension
III.Bradycardia
IV.Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and IV only 
B)  I, II, III, and IV 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I and IV only 
A)  I, II, and IV only 
B)  I, II, III, and IV 
C)  I and II only 
D)  I and IV only A

Question 3

Where are the receptors associated with the Hering-Breuer reflex located?

Accepted Answer

A)  visceral pleura and walls of bronchi and bronchiole 
B)  parietal pleura and walls of the bronchi and bronchioles 
C)  intercostal spaces and walls of the bronchi and bronchioles 
D)  visceral pleura and walls of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles 
A)  visceral pleura and walls of bronchi and bronchiole 
B)  parietal pleura and walls of the bronchi and bronchioles 
C)  intercostal spaces and walls of the bronchi and bronchioles 
D)  visceral pleura and walls of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles A

Question 4

What effect will a complete injury above C3-C5 have on a patient's spontaneous ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  complete diaphragmatic paralysis would result -patient would require mechanical ventilation 
B)  partial diaphragmatic paralysis would result -patient would initially require mechanical ventilation 
C)  patient would require supplemental oxygen but would still be able to breathe spontaneously 
D)  ventilation would be unaffected since the respiratory centers are safely located in the brain 
A)  complete diaphragmatic paralysis would result -patient would require mechanical ventilation 
B)  partial diaphragmatic paralysis would result -patient would initially require mechanical ventilation 
C)  patient would require supplemental oxygen but would still be able to breathe spontaneously 
D)  ventilation would be unaffected since the respiratory centers are safely located in the brain

Question 5

What is the primary stimulus of the peripheral chemoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  low PaO₂ 
B)  low PO₂ of CSF 
C)  changes in PaCO₂ 
D)  H+ concentration of CSF 
A)  low PaO₂ 
B)  low PO₂ of CSF 
C)  changes in PaCO₂ 
D)  H+ concentration of CSF

Question 6

What are the divisions of the pontine respiratory centers?

Accepted Answer

A)  PRG and apneustic center 
B)  DRG and apneustic center 
C)  VRG and apneustic center 
D)  PRG and proprioceptor center 
A)  PRG and apneustic center 
B)  DRG and apneustic center 
C)  VRG and apneustic center 
D)  PRG and proprioceptor center

Question 7

Which of the following are located in the medulla oblongata?
I.VRG
II.PRG
III.DRG
IV.apneustic center

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III only 
B)  I and II only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  II and IV only 
A)  I and III only 
B)  I and II only 
C)  I, II, and III only 
D)  II and IV only

Question 8

At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors initially activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  PaO₂ of 60 mmHg 
B)  PaO₂ of 30 mmHg 
C)  PaCO₂ of 60 mmHg 
D)  PaCO₂ of 30 mmHg 
A)  PaO₂ of 60 mmHg 
B)  PaO₂ of 30 mmHg 
C)  PaCO₂ of 60 mmHg 
D)  PaCO₂ of 30 mmHg

Question 9

What impact will the administration of a high FIO₂ likely have on a patient with chronic hypercapnia and hypoxemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral chemoreceptors may be suppressed by the excess oxygen being administered and ventilation would be depressed 
B)  central chemoreceptors may be suppressed by the high O₂ being administered and ventilation would be depressed 
C)  peripheral chemoreceptors may be suppressed due to the low H+ and ventilation would be depressed 
D)  both central and peripheral chemoreceptors would respond by triggering oxygen induced hyperventilation 
A)  peripheral chemoreceptors may be suppressed by the excess oxygen being administered and ventilation would be depressed 
B)  central chemoreceptors may be suppressed by the high O₂ being administered and ventilation would be depressed 
C)  peripheral chemoreceptors may be suppressed due to the low H+ and ventilation would be depressed 
D)  both central and peripheral chemoreceptors would respond by triggering oxygen induced hyperventilation

Question 10

Which peripheral proprioceptors play a role in initiating and maintaining an increased respiratory rate during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)  proprioceptors in joints and tendons 
B)  proprioceptors in skin 
C)  proprioceptors in muscles 
D)  proprioceptors in muscles and skin 
A)  proprioceptors in joints and tendons 
B)  proprioceptors in skin 
C)  proprioceptors in muscles 
D)  proprioceptors in muscles and skin

Question 11

What would most likely trigger the peripheral chemoreceptors when uncontrolled diabetes is present?

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive H+ accumulation 
B)  low PaCO₂ 
C)  low H+ levels in the blood 
D)  high PaCO₂ 
A)  excessive H+ accumulation 
B)  low PaCO₂ 
C)  low H+ levels in the blood 
D)  high PaCO₂

Question 12

Which of the following can stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors?
I.Hypoperfusion
II.Increased temperature
III.Nicotine

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and III 
B)  I only 
C)  I and III only 
D)  II only 
A)  I, II, and III 
B)  I only 
C)  I and III only 
D)  II only

Question 13

Where are the peripheral proprioceptors located?
I.Muscles
II.Tendons
III.Joints
IV.Pain receptors in skin and muscles

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  I, II, and IV only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  II, III, and IV only 
A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  I, II, and IV only 
C)  I and II only 
D)  II, III, and IV only

Question 14

At what approximate rate do the VRG's expiratory neurons fire per minute in a healthy adult at rest?

Accepted Answer

A)  12-15 times 
B)  4-8 times 
C)  18-22 times 
D)  24-28 times 
A)  12-15 times 
B)  4-8 times 
C)  18-22 times 
D)  24-28 times

Question 15

Which of the following can readily cross the blood-brain barrier?
I.CO₂ molecules
II.Bicarbonate ions
III.H+ ions

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  I and III only 
D)  II and III only 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  I and III only 
D)  II and III only

Question 16

At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors suppressed?

Accepted Answer

A)  PaO₂ below 30 mm Hg 
B)  PaCO₂ below 30 mm Hg 
C)  PaO₂ below 60 mmHg 
D)  PaCO₂ below 60 mmHg 
A)  PaO₂ below 30 mm Hg 
B)  PaCO₂ below 30 mm Hg 
C)  PaO₂ below 60 mmHg 
D)  PaCO₂ below 60 mmHg

Question 17

Which portion of the brain triggers inspiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  VRG 
B)  DRG 
C)  PRG 
D)  apneustic center 
A)  VRG 
B)  DRG 
C)  PRG 
D)  apneustic center

Question 18

What effect does sudden pain have on breathing?

Accepted Answer

A)  causes a short period of apnea 
B)  causes the respiratory rate to increase 
C)  causes a decrease in respiratory rate 
D)  causes an increase in tidal volume 
A)  causes a short period of apnea 
B)  causes the respiratory rate to increase 
C)  causes a decrease in respiratory rate 
D)  causes an increase in tidal volume

Question 19

What effect does an elevated body temperature have on ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes an increased respiratory rate 
B)  It causes a decreased respiratory rate 
C)  It does not affect ventilation 
D)  It causes apnea 
A)  It causes an increased respiratory rate 
B)  It causes a decreased respiratory rate 
C)  It does not affect ventilation 
D)  It causes apnea

Question 20

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located?

Accepted Answer

A)  aortic arch and carotid arteries 
B)  lateral walls of medulla oblongata 
C)  lateral walls of pons 
D)  femoral arteries and aortic arch 
A)  aortic arch and carotid arteries 
B)  lateral walls of medulla oblongata 
C)  lateral walls of pons 
D)  femoral arteries and aortic arch

What is another name for the Hering-Breuer reflex?

In addition to ventilatory changes,which of the following can occur in response to peripheral Chemoreceptor stimulation? I.Peripheral vasoconstriction II.Systemic arterial hypertension III.Bradycardia IV.Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

Where are the receptors associated with the Hering-Breuer reflex located?

What effect will a complete injury above C3-C5 have on a patient's spontaneous ventilation?

What is the primary stimulus of the peripheral chemoreceptors?

What are the divisions of the pontine respiratory centers?

Which of the following are located in the medulla oblongata? I.VRG II.PRG III.DRG IV.apneustic center

At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors initially activated?

What impact will the administration of a high FIO₂ likely have on a patient with chronic hypercapnia and hypoxemia?

Which peripheral proprioceptors play a role in initiating and maintaining an increased respiratory rate during exercise?

What would most likely trigger the peripheral chemoreceptors when uncontrolled diabetes is present?

Which of the following can stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors? I.Hypoperfusion II.Increased temperature III.Nicotine

Where are the peripheral proprioceptors located? I.Muscles II.Tendons III.Joints IV.Pain receptors in skin and muscles

At what approximate rate do the VRG's expiratory neurons fire per minute in a healthy adult at rest?

Which of the following can readily cross the blood-brain barrier? I.CO₂ molecules II.Bicarbonate ions III.H+ ions

At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors suppressed?

Which portion of the brain triggers inspiration?

What effect does sudden pain have on breathing?

What effect does an elevated body temperature have on ventilation?

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport

Acid Base Balance

Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12 ECG System

ECG Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Exam 9: Control of Ventilation

What is another name for the Hering-Breuer reflex?

In addition to ventilatory changes,which of the following can occur in response to peripheral Chemoreceptor stimulation? I.Peripheral vasoconstriction II.Systemic arterial hypertension III.Bradycardia IV.Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

Where are the receptors associated with the Hering-Breuer reflex located?

What effect will a complete injury above C3-C5 have on a patient's spontaneous ventilation?

What is the primary stimulus of the peripheral chemoreceptors?

What are the divisions of the pontine respiratory centers?

Which of the following are located in the medulla oblongata? I.VRG II.PRG III.DRG IV.apneustic center

At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors initially activated?

What impact will the administration of a high FIO₂ likely have on a patient with chronic hypercapnia and hypoxemia?

Which peripheral proprioceptors play a role in initiating and maintaining an increased respiratory rate during exercise?

What would most likely trigger the peripheral chemoreceptors when uncontrolled diabetes is present?

Which of the following can stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors? I.Hypoperfusion II.Increased temperature III.Nicotine

Where are the peripheral proprioceptors located? I.Muscles II.Tendons III.Joints IV.Pain receptors in skin and muscles

At what approximate rate do the VRG's expiratory neurons fire per minute in a healthy adult at rest?

Which of the following can readily cross the blood-brain barrier? I.CO₂ molecules II.Bicarbonate ions III.H+ ions

At what point are the peripheral chemoreceptors suppressed?

Which portion of the brain triggers inspiration?

What effect does sudden pain have on breathing?

What effect does an elevated body temperature have on ventilation?

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport

Acid Base Balance

Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12 ECG System

ECG Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters