Exam 8: Energy Balance and Body Weight Regulation

Melanie is pregnant and is having a craving for chocolate brownies What do scientists think may be causing her to crave the brownies?

What happens when the brain releases anabolic neurotransmitters?

Sara requires 2100 kcalories each day Currently, she is consuming between 2200 and 2300 What is her state of energy balance?

Central adiposity is characterized by an apple shape

Use the following case study to answer questions These questions require comprehension of various sections of the chapter to answer, but are placed together here to keep them together with the case study.Specifically, questions 95-97 test on "How are body weight and body composition assessed?"; 98-100 on "What determines energy expenditure?"; and 101-104 on "Does macronutrient distribution matter?" Case Study: Jim, a 21-year-old, medium-frame 6'2" senior weighing in at 205 lbs is a very active varsity wrestler majoring in psychology.He is participating in a "Hydration Study" that includes the collection of the following data: body composition analysis utilizing the Bod Pod, food/beverage intake via dietary assessment questionnaire, urine sample, and analysis of saliva.The following data have been provided to assist in answering the questions. Bod Pod Results: 59% body water 86.7% lean mass 13.3% fat mass Reference Values for Bod Pod: Risky (high body fat) = men: >30%; women: >40% Excess fat = men: 21%-30%; women: 31%-40% Moderately lean = men: 13%-20%; women: 23%-30% Lean = men: 9%-12%; women: 19%-22% Ultra lean = men: 5%-8%; women: 15%-18% Risky (low body fat) = men: <5%; women: <15% 24-Hour Recall: 3540 kcalories 177 grams protein 118 grams fat Males: EER = 662 - [9.53 x Age (y)] + PA x [(15.91 x weight in kg) + (539.6 x height in m)] PA Values: Sedentary = 1.0, Low Active = 1.11, Active = 1.25, Very Active = 1.48 -The wrestling season has ended and Jim does not want to gain weight His activity level will change from very active to sedentary Approximately how many kcalories less per day will he need post season?

Katie's mom thinks Katie may be anorexic because she has become very thin, but then decides she probably isn't when Katie starts spending hours each week cooking for the family How likely is it that Katie is anorexic?

Ramón consumed 2700 kcalories yesterday What was his thermic effect of food (TEF) estimated to be?

Which food combination would have the highest thermic effect of food (TEF)?

What parameters are considered in helping someone estimate his/her energy expenditure?

Loss of body tissue associated with fasting and starvation increases your basal metabolic rate

Your Asian-American, female client is 25 years old, weighs 110 pounds, and is 61 inches tall According to the Harris-Benedict equation, her REE (in kcal/day) is:

Compared to the number of people who develop anorexia, how many are likely to develop bulimia?

Your female client has 28 percent body fat She is:

If John wants to lose one pound of body fat, how many kcalories will he have to expend in activity and/or omit from his usual intake?

Direct calorimetry is inexpensive to do and routinely used by registered dietitians in a practice setting

Use the following case study to answer questions These questions require comprehension of various sections of the chapter to answer, but are placed together here to keep them together with the case study.Specifically, questions 95-97 test on "How are body weight and body composition assessed?"; 98-100 on "What determines energy expenditure?"; and 101-104 on "Does macronutrient distribution matter?" Case Study: Jim, a 21-year-old, medium-frame 6'2" senior weighing in at 205 lbs is a very active varsity wrestler majoring in psychology.He is participating in a "Hydration Study" that includes the collection of the following data: body composition analysis utilizing the Bod Pod, food/beverage intake via dietary assessment questionnaire, urine sample, and analysis of saliva.The following data have been provided to assist in answering the questions. Bod Pod Results: 59% body water 86.7% lean mass 13.3% fat mass Reference Values for Bod Pod: Risky (high body fat) = men: >30%; women: >40% Excess fat = men: 21%-30%; women: 31%-40% Moderately lean = men: 13%-20%; women: 23%-30% Lean = men: 9%-12%; women: 19%-22% Ultra lean = men: 5%-8%; women: 15%-18% Risky (low body fat) = men: <5%; women: <15% 24-Hour Recall: 3540 kcalories 177 grams protein 118 grams fat Males: EER = 662 - [9.53 x Age (y)] + PA x [(15.91 x weight in kg) + (539.6 x height in m)] PA Values: Sedentary = 1.0, Low Active = 1.11, Active = 1.25, Very Active = 1.48 -How many grams of carbohydrate did Jim consume based on his 24-hour recall?

What type of relationship is there between the level of physical activity and the risk of being overweight?

In order to estimate energy requirements (EER) for adults, which of the following information will you need?

Obese individuals tend to have larger stomachs than lean individuals

When someone is in severe negative energy balance, what serves as the body's primary energy source?