Question 1

Which structures are most often affected by Paget disease? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Vertebrae 
B)  Skull 
C)  Sternum 
D)  Metacarpals 
E)  Pelvis 
A)  Vertebrae 
B)  Skull 
C)  Sternum 
D)  Metacarpals 
E)  Pelvis

Question 2

Considering the pathophysiologic process of osteoporosis,what are the effects of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs)and receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL)on osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  ERKs increase the life span of osteoclasts, and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoblasts. 
B)  ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts. 
C)  ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoblasts and decrease the life span of osteoclasts. 
D)  ERKs increase the life span of osteoblasts, and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoclasts. 
A)  ERKs increase the life span of osteoclasts, and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoblasts. 
B)  ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts. 
C)  ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoblasts and decrease the life span of osteoclasts. 
D)  ERKs increase the life span of osteoblasts, and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoclasts.

Question 3

Which type of fracture usually occurs in an individual who engages in a new activity that is strenuous and repetitive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stress 
B)  Greenstick 
C)  Insufficiency 
D)  Pathologic 
A)  Stress 
B)  Greenstick 
C)  Insufficiency 
D)  Pathologic

Question 4

How is rhabdomyolysis characterized?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paralysis of skeletal muscles, resulting from an impaired nerve supply 
B)  Smooth muscle degeneration, resulting from ischemia 
C)  Lysis of skeletal muscle cells through the initiation of the complement cascade 
D)  Release of myoglobin from damaged striated muscle cells 
A)  Paralysis of skeletal muscles, resulting from an impaired nerve supply 
B)  Smooth muscle degeneration, resulting from ischemia 
C)  Lysis of skeletal muscle cells through the initiation of the complement cascade 
D)  Release of myoglobin from damaged striated muscle cells

Question 5

What are the primary sources of bacterial infections that lead to hematogenous bone infection? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Sinus 
B)  Ear 
C)  Dental 
D)  Cutaneous 
E)  Throat 
A)  Sinus 
B)  Ear 
C)  Dental 
D)  Cutaneous 
E)  Throat

Question 6

Which joint disease is characterized by joint stiffness on movement and joint pain of weight-bearing joints that is usually relieved by rest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gouty arthritis 
B)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
C)  Osteoarthritis 
D)  Suppurative arthritis 
A)  Gouty arthritis 
B)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
C)  Osteoarthritis 
D)  Suppurative arthritis

Question 7

Which is a characteristic of inflammatory joint disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unilateral joint involvement 
B)  Normal joint synovial fluid 
C)  Absence of synovial membrane inflammation 
D)  Systemic symptoms of inflammation 
A)  Unilateral joint involvement 
B)  Normal joint synovial fluid 
C)  Absence of synovial membrane inflammation 
D)  Systemic symptoms of inflammation

Exam 44: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Which structures are most often affected by Paget disease? (Select all that apply.)

Considering the pathophysiologic process of osteoporosis,what are the effects of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs)and receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL)on osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Which type of fracture usually occurs in an individual who engages in a new activity that is strenuous and repetitive?

How is rhabdomyolysis characterized?

What are the primary sources of bacterial infections that lead to hematogenous bone infection? (Select all that apply.)

Which joint disease is characterized by joint stiffness on movement and joint pain of weight-bearing joints that is usually relieved by rest?

Which is a characteristic of inflammatory joint disease?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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