Question 1

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Risks based on direct observation of data

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk F

Question 2

Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces 
B)  Increasing the resistance to insulin by cells 
C)  Obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas 
D)  Stimulating the liver to increase glucose production 
A)  Reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces 
B)  Increasing the resistance to insulin by cells 
C)  Obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas 
D)  Stimulating the liver to increase glucose production B

Question 3

It is currently believed that the risk for developing Alzheimer disease:

Accepted Answer

A)  Is not directly related to genetic predisposition. 
B)  Is higher among men than it is among women. 
C)  Occurs less among Hispanics than in Asians. 
D)  Doubles among those with an affected first-degree relative. 
A)  Is not directly related to genetic predisposition. 
B)  Is higher among men than it is among women. 
C)  Occurs less among Hispanics than in Asians. 
D)  Doubles among those with an affected first-degree relative. D

Question 4

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Number of persons living with the disease

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk

Question 5

Lifestyle modifications that affect health-related risk factors include: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Diet 
B)  Exercise 
C)  Education 
D)  Finances 
E)  Stress reduction 
A)  Diet 
B)  Exercise 
C)  Education 
D)  Finances 
E)  Stress reduction

Question 6

Studies have identified several genes that play a role in the prevention of obesity by affecting what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulation of appetite 
B)  Metabolizing of fat 
C)  Absorption of fat 
D)  Altering the sense of satiety 
A)  Regulation of appetite 
B)  Metabolizing of fat 
C)  Absorption of fat 
D)  Altering the sense of satiety

Question 7

The number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific period divided by the number of individuals in the population is defined as which characteristic of a disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prevalence rate 
B)  Incidence rate 
C)  Relative risk 
D)  Frequency 
A)  Prevalence rate 
B)  Incidence rate 
C)  Relative risk 
D)  Frequency

Question 8

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Measure of the effect of a specific risk factor

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk

Question 9

Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased consumption of dairy produces 
B)  Increased consumption of foods containing vitamin C 
C)  Decreased consumption of foods high in fat 
D)  Decreased consumption of artificial food coloring 
A)  Increased consumption of dairy produces 
B)  Increased consumption of foods containing vitamin C 
C)  Decreased consumption of foods high in fat 
D)  Decreased consumption of artificial food coloring

Question 10

The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Incidence 
B)  Prevalence 
C)  Ratio 
D)  Risk 
A)  Incidence 
B)  Prevalence 
C)  Ratio 
D)  Risk

Question 11

Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast cancer? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  LCAT 
B)  CHK1 
C)  CHK2 
D)  BRCA1 
E)  BRCA2 
A)  LCAT 
B)  CHK1 
C)  CHK2 
D)  BRCA1 
E)  BRCA2

Question 12

Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  Chromosomal testing 
B)  Direct observation 
C)  Liability thresholds 
D)  Relative risks 
A)  Chromosomal testing 
B)  Direct observation 
C)  Liability thresholds 
D)  Relative risks

Question 13

Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes are referred to by which term?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polygenic 
B)  Multifocal 
C)  Modifiable 
D)  Involuntary 
A)  Polygenic 
B)  Multifocal 
C)  Modifiable 
D)  Involuntary

Question 14

Cancers that cluster strongly in families include: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Breast 
B)  Colon 
C)  Ovarian 
D)  Lung 
E)  Brain 
A)  Breast 
B)  Colon 
C)  Ovarian 
D)  Lung 
E)  Brain

Question 15

The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term?

Accepted Answer

A)  Relativity 
B)  Survivability 
C)  Prevalence 
D)  Incidence 
A)  Relativity 
B)  Survivability 
C)  Prevalence 
D)  Incidence

Question 16

When a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer,her risk of developing breast cancer is how many times greater?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  10 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  10

Question 17

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk

Question 18

Regarding type 2 diabetes,obesity is considered to be what type of risk?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic 
B)  Empirical 
C)  Relative 
D)  Modifiable 
A)  Genetic 
B)  Empirical 
C)  Relative 
D)  Modifiable

Question 19

Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Twofold 
B)  Threefold 
C)  Fourfold 
D)  Tenfold 
A)  Twofold 
B)  Threefold 
C)  Fourfold 
D)  Tenfold

Question 20

What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diet high in saturated fats 
B)  Increased production of cholesterol by the liver 
C)  Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell surfaces 
D)  Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood 
A)  Diet high in saturated fats 
B)  Increased production of cholesterol by the liver 
C)  Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell surfaces 
D)  Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood

Exam 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Risks based on direct observation of data

Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by:

It is currently believed that the risk for developing Alzheimer disease:

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Number of persons living with the disease

Lifestyle modifications that affect health-related risk factors include: (Select all that apply.)

Studies have identified several genes that play a role in the prevention of obesity by affecting what?

The number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific period divided by the number of individuals in the population is defined as which characteristic of a disease?

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Measure of the effect of a specific risk factor

Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon cancer?

The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?

Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast cancer? (Select all that apply.)

Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:

Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes are referred to by which term?

Cancers that cluster strongly in families include: (Select all that apply.)

The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term?

When a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer,her risk of developing breast cancer is how many times greater?

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes

Regarding type 2 diabetes,obesity is considered to be what type of risk?

Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism?

What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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