Question 1

Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron 
B)  Zinc 
C)  Iodine 
D)  Magnesium 
A)  Iron 
B)  Zinc 
C)  Iodine 
D)  Magnesium B

Question 2

A person with type O blood is considered to be the universal blood donor because type O blood contains which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  No antigens 
B)  No antibodies 
C)  Both A and B antigens 
D)  Both A and B antibodies 
A)  No antigens 
B)  No antibodies 
C)  Both A and B antigens 
D)  Both A and B antibodies A

Question 3

Why does tissue damage occurs in acute rejection after organ transplantation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages, and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue. 
B)  Circulating immune complexes are deposited in the endothelial cells of transplanted tissue, where the complement cascade lyses tissue. 
C)  Receptors on natural killer cells recognize antigens on the cell surface of transplanted tissue, which releases lysosomal enzymes that destroy tissue. 
D)  Antibodies coat the surface of transplanted tissue to which mast cells bind and liberate preformed chemical mediators that destroy tissue. 
A)  Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages, and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue. 
B)  Circulating immune complexes are deposited in the endothelial cells of transplanted tissue, where the complement cascade lyses tissue. 
C)  Receptors on natural killer cells recognize antigens on the cell surface of transplanted tissue, which releases lysosomal enzymes that destroy tissue. 
D)  Antibodies coat the surface of transplanted tissue to which mast cells bind and liberate preformed chemical mediators that destroy tissue. A

Question 4

Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA 
B)  IgE 
C)  IgG 
D)  IgM 
A)  IgA 
B)  IgE 
C)  IgG 
D)  IgM

Question 5

Which statements best define acute rejection? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute rejection is a cell-mediated immune response. 
B)  Acute rejection is usually a type III rejection. 
C)  Immunosuppressive drugs delay or lessen the intensity of an acute rejection. 
D)  Acute rejection is associated with the body's response to an organ transplant. 
E)  Acute rejection is a response against unmatched human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). 
A)  Acute rejection is a cell-mediated immune response. 
B)  Acute rejection is usually a type III rejection. 
C)  Immunosuppressive drugs delay or lessen the intensity of an acute rejection. 
D)  Acute rejection is associated with the body's response to an organ transplant. 
E)  Acute rejection is a response against unmatched human leukocyte antigens (HLAs).

Question 6

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus,what reaction occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  T-cell immunity 
B)  Alloimmunity 
C)  Fetal immunity 
D)  Autoimmunity 
A)  T-cell immunity 
B)  Alloimmunity 
C)  Fetal immunity 
D)  Autoimmunity

Question 7

When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh system,the blood cells are destroyed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Complement-mediated cell lysis 
B)  Phagocytosis by macrophages 
C)  Phagocytosis in the spleen 
D)  Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products 
A)  Complement-mediated cell lysis 
B)  Phagocytosis by macrophages 
C)  Phagocytosis in the spleen 
D)  Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products

Question 8

Tissue damage caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemolytic anemia 
B)  Pernicious anemia 
C)  Systemic lupus erythematosus 
D)  Myasthenia gravis 
A)  Hemolytic anemia 
B)  Pernicious anemia 
C)  Systemic lupus erythematosus 
D)  Myasthenia gravis

Question 9

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction,the degranulation of mast cells is a result of which receptor action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Histamine bound to H₂ 
B)  Chemotactic factor binding to the receptor 
C)  Epinephrine bound to mast cells 
D)  Acetylcholine bound to mast cells 
A)  Histamine bound to H₂ 
B)  Chemotactic factor binding to the receptor 
C)  Epinephrine bound to mast cells 
D)  Acetylcholine bound to mast cells

Question 10

Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that results in which maternal antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binding with receptors for neural transmitters on muscle cells, causing neonatal muscular weakness 
B)  Affecting the receptor for TSH, causing neonatal hyperthyroidism 
C)  Inducing anomalies in the fetus or causing pregnancy loss 
D)  Destroying platelets in the fetus and neonate 
A)  Binding with receptors for neural transmitters on muscle cells, causing neonatal muscular weakness 
B)  Affecting the receptor for TSH, causing neonatal hyperthyroidism 
C)  Inducing anomalies in the fetus or causing pregnancy loss 
D)  Destroying platelets in the fetus and neonate

Question 11

What is the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by a discharge of preformed mediators. 
B)  Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids, and the immune complexes are then deposited in the tissues. 
C)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper T 1 cells directly attack and destroy cellular targets. 
D)  Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface. 
A)  Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by a discharge of preformed mediators. 
B)  Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids, and the immune complexes are then deposited in the tissues. 
C)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper T 1 cells directly attack and destroy cellular targets. 
D)  Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface.

Question 12

How many months does it take for the newborn to be sufficiently protected by antibodies produced by its own B cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 2 
B)  4 to 5 
C)  6 to 8 
D)  10 to 12 
A)  1 to 2 
B)  4 to 5 
C)  6 to 8 
D)  10 to 12

Question 13

Raynaud phenomenon is classified as a type III hypersensitivity reaction and is due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Immune complexes that are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation 
B)  Mast cells that are bound to specific endothelial receptors, causing them to degranulate and creating a localized inflammatory reaction that occludes capillary circulation 
C)  Cytotoxic T cells that attack and destroy the capillaries so that they are unable to perfuse local tissues 
D)  Antibodies that detect the capillaries as foreign protein and destroy them using lysosomal enzymes and toxic oxygen species 
A)  Immune complexes that are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation 
B)  Mast cells that are bound to specific endothelial receptors, causing them to degranulate and creating a localized inflammatory reaction that occludes capillary circulation 
C)  Cytotoxic T cells that attack and destroy the capillaries so that they are unable to perfuse local tissues 
D)  Antibodies that detect the capillaries as foreign protein and destroy them using lysosomal enzymes and toxic oxygen species

Question 14

A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemolytic shock 
B)  Anaphylaxis 
C)  Necrotizing vasculitis 
D)  Systemic erythematosus 
A)  Hemolytic shock 
B)  Anaphylaxis 
C)  Necrotizing vasculitis 
D)  Systemic erythematosus

Question 15

Which statement is true regarding immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immunodeficiency is generally not present in other family members. 
B)  Immunodeficiency is never acquired; rather, it is congenital. 
C)  Immunodeficiency is almost immediately symptomatic. 
D)  Immunodeficiency is a result of a postnatal mutation. 
A)  Immunodeficiency is generally not present in other family members. 
B)  Immunodeficiency is never acquired; rather, it is congenital. 
C)  Immunodeficiency is almost immediately symptomatic. 
D)  Immunodeficiency is a result of a postnatal mutation.

Question 16

Raynaud phenomenon is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  IV 
B)  III 
C)  II 
D)  I 
A)  IV 
B)  III 
C)  II 
D)  I

Question 17

In a type III hypersensitivity reaction,the harmful effects after the immune complexes that are deposited in tissues are a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytotoxic T cells 
B)  Natural killer cells 
C)  Complement activation 
D)  Degranulation of mast cells 
A)  Cytotoxic T cells 
B)  Natural killer cells 
C)  Complement activation 
D)  Degranulation of mast cells

Question 18

Blood transfusion reactions are an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Autoimmunity 
B)  Alloimmunity 
C)  Homoimmunity 
D)  Hypersensitivity 
A)  Autoimmunity 
B)  Alloimmunity 
C)  Homoimmunity 
D)  Hypersensitivity

Question 19

The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgM 
D)  T cells 
A)  IgE 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgM 
D)  T cells

Question 20

Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies coating mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by the discharge of preformed mediators 
B)  Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes being deposited in the tissues 
C)  Tc cells or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells directly attacking and destroying cellular targets 
D)  Antibodies binding to the antigen on the cell surface 
A)  Antibodies coating mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by the discharge of preformed mediators 
B)  Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes being deposited in the tissues 
C)  Tc cells or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells directly attacking and destroying cellular targets 
D)  Antibodies binding to the antigen on the cell surface

Exam 9: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function?

A person with type O blood is considered to be the universal blood donor because type O blood contains which of the following?

Why does tissue damage occurs in acute rejection after organ transplantation?

Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Which statements best define acute rejection? (Select all that apply.)

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus,what reaction occurs?

When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh system,the blood cells are destroyed by:

Tissue damage caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease?

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction,the degranulation of mast cells is a result of which receptor action?

Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that results in which maternal antibody?

What is the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions?

How many months does it take for the newborn to be sufficiently protected by antibodies produced by its own B cells?

Raynaud phenomenon is classified as a type III hypersensitivity reaction and is due to:

A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:

Which statement is true regarding immunodeficiency?

Raynaud phenomenon is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?

In a type III hypersensitivity reaction,the harmful effects after the immune complexes that are deposited in tissues are a result of:

Blood transfusion reactions are an example of:

The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins?

Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of the following?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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