Question 1

What is the cause of polycythemia in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fetal hemoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen as a result of diphosphoglycerate (DPG). 
B)  The fetus has a different hemoglobin structure of two a- and two g-chains rather than two a-and two b-chains. 
C)  Increased erythropoiesis occurs in response to the hypoxic intrauterine environment. 
D)  The lungs of the fetus are undeveloped and unable to diffuse oxygen adequately to the pulmonary capillaries. 
A)  Fetal hemoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen as a result of diphosphoglycerate (DPG). 
B)  The fetus has a different hemoglobin structure of two a- and two g-chains rather than two a-and two b-chains. 
C)  Increased erythropoiesis occurs in response to the hypoxic intrauterine environment. 
D)  The lungs of the fetus are undeveloped and unable to diffuse oxygen adequately to the pulmonary capillaries. C

Question 2

The alpha- and beta-thalassemias are considered what types of inherited disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autosomal recessive 
B)  Autosomal dominant 
C)  X-linked recessive 
D)  X-linked dominant 
A)  Autosomal recessive 
B)  Autosomal dominant 
C)  X-linked recessive 
D)  X-linked dominant A

Question 3

What is the reason most children diagnosed with sickle cell anemia are not candidates for either bone marrow or stem cell transplants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Well-matched stem cell donors are difficult to find. 
B)  The child is usually too weak to survive the procedure. 
C)  The child's immune system will not appropriately respond to the antirejection medications. 
D)  Although effective for adults, neither procedure has been proven effective for children. 
A)  Well-matched stem cell donors are difficult to find. 
B)  The child is usually too weak to survive the procedure. 
C)  The child's immune system will not appropriately respond to the antirejection medications. 
D)  Although effective for adults, neither procedure has been proven effective for children. A

Question 4

Sickle cell disease is classified as a(an):

Accepted Answer

A)  Inherited X-linked recessive disorder 
B)  Inherited autosomal recessive disorder 
C)  Disorder initiated by hypoxemia and acidosis 
D)  Disorder that is diagnosed equally in men and women 
A)  Inherited X-linked recessive disorder 
B)  Inherited autosomal recessive disorder 
C)  Disorder initiated by hypoxemia and acidosis 
D)  Disorder that is diagnosed equally in men and women

Question 5

Match each sickle cell crisis with its description.Terms may be used more than once.
-Compensatory erythropoiesis is compromised,thus limiting the number of erythrocytes that are replaced.

Accepted Answer

A) Vasoocclusive crisis 
B) Aplastic crisis 
C) Sequestration crisis 
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis 
A) Vasoocclusive crisis 
B) Aplastic crisis 
C) Sequestration crisis 
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis

Question 6

Which vitamin improves the absorption of oral iron taken to treat iron deficiency anemia in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E

Question 7

Match each sickle cell crisis with its description.Terms may be used more than once.
-Large amounts of blood become acutely pooled in the liver and spleen.

Accepted Answer

A) Vasoocclusive crisis 
B) Aplastic crisis 
C) Sequestration crisis 
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis 
A) Vasoocclusive crisis 
B) Aplastic crisis 
C) Sequestration crisis 
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis

Question 8

When diagnosed with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN),why does the newborn develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother's circulation is no longer possible. 
B)  Hemoglobin does not break down into bilirubin in the intrauterine environment. 
C)  The liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble to water-soluble form. 
D)  The destruction of erythrocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth. 
A)  Excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother's circulation is no longer possible. 
B)  Hemoglobin does not break down into bilirubin in the intrauterine environment. 
C)  The liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble to water-soluble form. 
D)  The destruction of erythrocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth.

Question 9

Which hemophilia occurs equally in both men and women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemophilia A 
B)  Hemophilia B 
C)  Hemophilia C 
D)  von Willebrand disease 
A)  Hemophilia A 
B)  Hemophilia B 
C)  Hemophilia C 
D)  von Willebrand disease

Question 10

Hemophilia A is considered to be what type of inherited disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autosomal dominant 
B)  Autosomal recessive 
C)  X-linked recessive 
D)  X-linked dominant 
A)  Autosomal dominant 
B)  Autosomal recessive 
C)  X-linked recessive 
D)  X-linked dominant

Question 11

During childhood,when is dietary iron deficiency commonly diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Between 2 months and 1 year 
B)  Between 6 months and 2 years 
C)  Between 12 months and 3 years 
D)  Between 18 months and 4 years 
A)  Between 2 months and 1 year 
B)  Between 6 months and 2 years 
C)  Between 12 months and 3 years 
D)  Between 18 months and 4 years

Question 12

What is the chance with each pregnancy that a child born to two parents with the sickle trait will have sickle cell disease (SCD)?

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  25% 
C)  33% 
D)  50% 
A)  20% 
B)  25% 
C)  33% 
D)  50%

Question 13

What treatment prevents the development of kernicterus in an infant born with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administration of intravenous fluids to dilute the blood 
B)  Replacement transfusion of new Rh-positive blood that is not contaminated with anti-Rh antibodies 
C)  Performance of a splenectomy to prevent the destruction of abnormal erythrocytes 
D)  Replacement transfusion of Rh-negative erythrocytes 
A)  Administration of intravenous fluids to dilute the blood 
B)  Replacement transfusion of new Rh-positive blood that is not contaminated with anti-Rh antibodies 
C)  Performance of a splenectomy to prevent the destruction of abnormal erythrocytes 
D)  Replacement transfusion of Rh-negative erythrocytes

Question 14

How does hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)cause acquired congenital hemolytic anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  HDN develops when hypoxia or dehydration causes the erythrocytes to change shapes, which are then recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
B)  HDN is an alloimmune disease in which the mother's immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes, which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
C)  HDN develops when the polycythemia present in fetal life continues after birth, causing the excessive number of erythrocytes to be removed from circulation. 
D)  HDN is an autoimmune disease in which the fetus's immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes, which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
A)  HDN develops when hypoxia or dehydration causes the erythrocytes to change shapes, which are then recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
B)  HDN is an alloimmune disease in which the mother's immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes, which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
C)  HDN develops when the polycythemia present in fetal life continues after birth, causing the excessive number of erythrocytes to be removed from circulation. 
D)  HDN is an autoimmune disease in which the fetus's immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes, which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation.

Question 15

Hemoglobin S (HbS)is formed in sickle cell disease as a result of which process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deficiency in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P
D)  that changes hemoglobin A (Hb
A)  to HbS. 
B)  Genetic mutation in which two amino acids (histidine and leucine) are missing. 
C)  Genetic mutation in which one amino acid (valine) is replaced by another (glutamic acid). 
D)  Autoimmune response in which one amino acid (proline) is detected as an antigen by abnormal immunoglobulin G (IgG). 
A)  Deficiency in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P
D)  that changes hemoglobin A (Hb
A)  to HbS. 
B)  Genetic mutation in which two amino acids (histidine and leucine) are missing. 
C)  Genetic mutation in which one amino acid (valine) is replaced by another (glutamic acid). 
D)  Autoimmune response in which one amino acid (proline) is detected as an antigen by abnormal immunoglobulin G (IgG).

Question 16

Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  V 
B)  VIII 
C)  IX 
D)  X 
A)  V 
B)  VIII 
C)  IX 
D)  X

Question 17

Which blood cell type is elevated at birth but decreases to adult levels during the first year of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monocytes 
B)  Platelets 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Lymphocytes 
A)  Monocytes 
B)  Platelets 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Lymphocytes

Question 18

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)deficiency is what type of inherited disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  X-linked dominant 
B)  X-linked recessive 
C)  Autosomal dominant 
D)  Autosomal recessive 
A)  X-linked dominant 
B)  X-linked recessive 
C)  Autosomal dominant 
D)  Autosomal recessive

Question 19

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)is an autoimmune process involving antibodies attacking which type of cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutrophils 
B)  Eosinophils 
C)  Platelets 
D)  Basophils 
A)  Neutrophils 
B)  Eosinophils 
C)  Platelets 
D)  Basophils

Question 20

Which disorder results in decreased erythrocytes and platelets with changes in leukocytes and has clinical manifestations of pallor,fatigue,petechiae,purpura,bleeding,and fever?

Accepted Answer

A)  Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) 
B)  Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) 
C)  Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) 
D)  Iron deficiency anemia (ID
A)  
A)  Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) 
B)  Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) 
C)  Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) 
D)  Iron deficiency anemia (ID
A)

Exam 30: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

What is the cause of polycythemia in the fetus?

The alpha- and beta-thalassemias are considered what types of inherited disorder?

What is the reason most children diagnosed with sickle cell anemia are not candidates for either bone marrow or stem cell transplants?

Sickle cell disease is classified as a(an):

Match each sickle cell crisis with its description.Terms may be used more than once. -Compensatory erythropoiesis is compromised,thus limiting the number of erythrocytes that are replaced.

Which vitamin improves the absorption of oral iron taken to treat iron deficiency anemia in children?

Match each sickle cell crisis with its description.Terms may be used more than once. -Large amounts of blood become acutely pooled in the liver and spleen.

When diagnosed with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN),why does the newborn develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero?

Which hemophilia occurs equally in both men and women?

Hemophilia A is considered to be what type of inherited disorder?

During childhood,when is dietary iron deficiency commonly diagnosed?

What is the chance with each pregnancy that a child born to two parents with the sickle trait will have sickle cell disease (SCD)?

What treatment prevents the development of kernicterus in an infant born with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

How does hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)cause acquired congenital hemolytic anemia?

Hemoglobin S (HbS)is formed in sickle cell disease as a result of which process?

Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor?

Which blood cell type is elevated at birth but decreases to adult levels during the first year of life?

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)deficiency is what type of inherited disorder?

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)is an autoimmune process involving antibodies attacking which type of cells?

Which disorder results in decreased erythrocytes and platelets with changes in leukocytes and has clinical manifestations of pallor,fatigue,petechiae,purpura,bleeding,and fever?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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