Question 1

Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peripheral nerves 
B)  Parasympathetic fibers 
C)  Sympathetic nervous system 
D)  Tenth thoracic nerve roots 
A)  Peripheral nerves 
B)  Parasympathetic fibers 
C)  Sympathetic nervous system 
D)  Tenth thoracic nerve roots B

Question 2

On average,what percent of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

Accepted Answer

A)  10% to 20% 
B)  15% to 20% 
C)  20% to 25% 
D)  30% to 35% 
A)  10% to 20% 
B)  15% to 20% 
C)  20% to 25% 
D)  30% to 35% C

Question 3

How high does the plasma glucose have to be before the threshold for glucose is achieved?

Accepted Answer

A)  126 mg/dl 
B)  150 mg/dl 
C)  180 mg/dl 
D)  200 mg/dl 
A)  126 mg/dl 
B)  150 mg/dl 
C)  180 mg/dl 
D)  200 mg/dl C

Question 4

Which process makes it possible for ureters to be transplanted successfully?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compensatory hypertrophy 
B)  Erythropoietin secretion 
C)  Peristalsis 
D)  Collateral circulation 
A)  Compensatory hypertrophy 
B)  Erythropoietin secretion 
C)  Peristalsis 
D)  Collateral circulation

Question 5

Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain referred to which anatomical area?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vulva or penis 
B)  Umbilicus 
C)  Thighs 
D)  Lower abdomen 
A)  Vulva or penis 
B)  Umbilicus 
C)  Thighs 
D)  Lower abdomen

Question 6

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Leukocytes

Accepted Answer

A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria 
A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria

Question 7

Which hormones are produced by the kidney? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Renin 
B)  Erythropoietin 
C)  1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 
D)  Calcitonin 
E)  Aldosterone 
A)  Renin 
B)  Erythropoietin 
C)  1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 
D)  Calcitonin 
E)  Aldosterone

Question 8

How much urine accumulates in the bladder before the mechanoreceptors sense bladder fullness?

Accepted Answer

A)  75 to 100 ml 
B)  100 to 150 ml 
C)  250 to 300 ml 
D)  350 to 400 ml 
A)  75 to 100 ml 
B)  100 to 150 ml 
C)  250 to 300 ml 
D)  350 to 400 ml

Question 9

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Nephron 
C)  Collecting duct 
D)  Pyramid 
A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Nephron 
C)  Collecting duct 
D)  Pyramid

Question 10

What process allows the kidney to respond to an increase in workload?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerular filtration 
B)  Secretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 
C)  Increased heart rate 
D)  Compensatory hypertrophy 
A)  Glomerular filtration 
B)  Secretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 
C)  Increased heart rate 
D)  Compensatory hypertrophy

Question 11

What is the action of urodilatin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urodilatin causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles. 
B)  It causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles. 
C)  Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone secretion. 
D)  It inhibits salt and water reabsorption. 
A)  Urodilatin causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles. 
B)  It causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles. 
C)  Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone secretion. 
D)  It inhibits salt and water reabsorption.

Question 12

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Erythrocytes

Accepted Answer

A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria 
A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria

Question 13

What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exercise and body position activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction. 
B)  They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction. 
C)  Both activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation. 
D)  They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation. 
A)  Exercise and body position activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction. 
B)  They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction. 
C)  Both activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation. 
D)  They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation.

Question 14

Which structures are parts of the nephron? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Loop of Henle 
B)  Renal corpuscle 
C)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  Calyx 
E)  Collecting duct 
A)  Loop of Henle 
B)  Renal corpuscle 
C)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  Calyx 
E)  Collecting duct

Question 15

Which cells have phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and contract like smooth muscles cells,thereby influencing the glomerular filtration rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Principle cells 
B)  Podocin cells 
C)  Mesangial cells 
D)  Intercalated cells 
A)  Principle cells 
B)  Podocin cells 
C)  Mesangial cells 
D)  Intercalated cells

Question 16

What effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulates antidiuretic hormones. 
B)  Inhibits antidiuretic hormones. 
C)  Stimulates renin and aldosterone. 
D)  Inhibits renin and aldosterone. 
A)  Stimulates antidiuretic hormones. 
B)  Inhibits antidiuretic hormones. 
C)  Stimulates renin and aldosterone. 
D)  Inhibits renin and aldosterone.

Question 17

What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow,glomerular filtration,and renin secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macula densa 
B)  Visceral epithelium 
C)  Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JG
A)  
D)  Filtration slits 
A)  Macula densa 
B)  Visceral epithelium 
C)  Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JG
A)  
D)  Filtration slits

Question 18

Which statements are true regarding renal circulation? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  The interlobar arteries travel down into the renal columns. 
B)  The arcuate arteries branch to form the interlobar arteries. 
C)  The arcuate arteries arch over the base of the pyramids. 
D)  The interlobar arteries run parallel to the surface of the kidneys. 
E)  The interlobar arteries run between the pyramids. 
A)  The interlobar arteries travel down into the renal columns. 
B)  The arcuate arteries branch to form the interlobar arteries. 
C)  The arcuate arteries arch over the base of the pyramids. 
D)  The interlobar arteries run parallel to the surface of the kidneys. 
E)  The interlobar arteries run between the pyramids.

Question 19

What provides the best estimate of the functioning of renal tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerular filtration rate 
B)  Hourly urine output 
C)  Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine 
D)  The specific gravity of the solute concentration of the urine 
A)  Glomerular filtration rate 
B)  Hourly urine output 
C)  Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine 
D)  The specific gravity of the solute concentration of the urine

Question 20

Compared with a younger individual,how is the specific gravity of urine in older adults affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Specific gravity of urine in older adults is increased. 
B)  Specific gravity of urine in older adults is considered high normal. 
C)  Specific gravity of urine in older adults is considered low normal. 
D)  Specific gravity of urine in older adults is decreased. 
A)  Specific gravity of urine in older adults is increased. 
B)  Specific gravity of urine in older adults is considered high normal. 
C)  Specific gravity of urine in older adults is considered low normal. 
D)  Specific gravity of urine in older adults is decreased.

Exam 37: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves?

On average,what percent of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

How high does the plasma glucose have to be before the threshold for glucose is achieved?

Which process makes it possible for ureters to be transplanted successfully?

Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain referred to which anatomical area?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Leukocytes

Which hormones are produced by the kidney? (Select all that apply.)

How much urine accumulates in the bladder before the mechanoreceptors sense bladder fullness?

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

What process allows the kidney to respond to an increase in workload?

What is the action of urodilatin?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Erythrocytes

What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow?

Which structures are parts of the nephron? (Select all that apply.)

Which cells have phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and contract like smooth muscles cells,thereby influencing the glomerular filtration rate?

What effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates?

What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow,glomerular filtration,and renin secretion?

Which statements are true regarding renal circulation? (Select all that apply.)

What provides the best estimate of the functioning of renal tissue?

Compared with a younger individual,how is the specific gravity of urine in older adults affected?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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