Question 1

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ovarian 
B)  Lung 
C)  Uterine 
D)  Pancreatic 
A)  Ovarian 
B)  Lung 
C)  Uterine 
D)  Pancreatic

Question 2

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Yields an increased risk for some diseases

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk

Question 3

Examples of multifactorial diseases associated with adults include: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Breast cancer 
B)  Coronary heart disease 
C)  Emphysema 
D)  Diabetes mellitus 
E)  Schizophrenia 
A)  Breast cancer 
B)  Coronary heart disease 
C)  Emphysema 
D)  Diabetes mellitus 
E)  Schizophrenia

Question 4

What percentage of all cases of breast cancer are identified as an autosomal dominant form?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  15 
D)  20 
A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  15 
D)  20

Question 5

The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen associations 
B)  Autoantibodies and obesity 
C)  Obesity and positive family history 
D)  HLA associations and positive family history 
A)  Autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen associations 
B)  Autoantibodies and obesity 
C)  Obesity and positive family history 
D)  HLA associations and positive family history

Question 6

The ratio of the disease among the exposed population to the disease rate in an unexposed population is referred to as what type of risk?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attributable 
B)  Contingency 
C)  Causal 
D)  Relative 
A)  Attributable 
B)  Contingency 
C)  Causal 
D)  Relative

Question 7

Blood pressure variations are associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  ß1-adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate 
B)  The release of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that increases water reabsorption 
C)  The renin-angiotensin system's effect on vasoconstriction 
D)  Serum bradykinin, causing vasodilation 
A)  ß1-adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate 
B)  The release of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that increases water reabsorption 
C)  The renin-angiotensin system's effect on vasoconstriction 
D)  Serum bradykinin, causing vasodilation

Question 8

Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium intake 
B)  Physical inactivity 
C)  Psychosocial stress 
D)  Obesity 
A)  Sodium intake 
B)  Physical inactivity 
C)  Psychosocial stress 
D)  Obesity

Question 9

Which type of cancer is said to aggregate among families?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breast 
B)  Lung 
C)  Skin 
D)  Brain 
A)  Breast 
B)  Lung 
C)  Skin 
D)  Brain

Question 10

Which disease form is identified on the basis of empirical risk observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polygenic 
B)  Multifactorial 
C)  Monozygotic 
D)  Genetic 
A)  Polygenic 
B)  Multifactorial 
C)  Monozygotic 
D)  Genetic

Question 11

What factors are typically considered when assessing an individual's risk for developing such common diseases as hypertension? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Age 
B)  Diet 
C)  Exercise habits 
D)  Family history 
E)  Spiritual beliefs 
A)  Age 
B)  Diet 
C)  Exercise habits 
D)  Family history 
E)  Spiritual beliefs

Question 12

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Number of new cases (persons)detected with the disease

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk

Question 13

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Modifiable risk factor for many diseases

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empirical risk
G)Relative risk

Question 14

A major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus is that there is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Partial insulin secretion 
B)  An autoimmune cause factor 
C)  Insulin resistance 
D)  Obesity as a common risk factor 
A)  Partial insulin secretion 
B)  An autoimmune cause factor 
C)  Insulin resistance 
D)  Obesity as a common risk factor

Exam 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Yields an increased risk for some diseases

Examples of multifactorial diseases associated with adults include: (Select all that apply.)

What percentage of all cases of breast cancer are identified as an autosomal dominant form?

The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:

The ratio of the disease among the exposed population to the disease rate in an unexposed population is referred to as what type of risk?

Blood pressure variations are associated with:

Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?

Which type of cancer is said to aggregate among families?

Which disease form is identified on the basis of empirical risk observation?

What factors are typically considered when assessing an individual's risk for developing such common diseases as hypertension? (Select all that apply.)

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Number of new cases (persons)detected with the disease

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Modifiable risk factor for many diseases

A major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus is that there is:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters