Question 1

Which term is used to identify the temporary displacement of two bones causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dislocation 
B)  Subluxation 
C)  Malunion 
D)  Nonunion 
A)  Dislocation 
B)  Subluxation 
C)  Malunion 
D)  Nonunion

Question 2

What pattern of bone destruction is described as not well-defined and not easily separated from normal bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moth-eaten 
B)  Permeative 
C)  Geographic 
D)  Porous 
A)  Moth-eaten 
B)  Permeative 
C)  Geographic 
D)  Porous

Question 3

What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Idiopathic 
B)  Incomplete 
C)  Pathologic 
D)  Greenstick 
A)  Idiopathic 
B)  Incomplete 
C)  Pathologic 
D)  Greenstick

Question 4

Considering the pathophysiologic process of osteoporosis,which hormone exerts antiapoptotic effects on osteoblasts but proapoptotic effects on osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parathyroid hormone 
B)  Glucocorticoid 
C)  Growth hormone 
D)  Estrogen 
A)  Parathyroid hormone 
B)  Glucocorticoid 
C)  Growth hormone 
D)  Estrogen

Question 5

People with gout are at high risk for which co-morbid condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal calculi 
B)  Joint trauma 
C)  Anemia 
D)  Hearing loss 
A)  Renal calculi 
B)  Joint trauma 
C)  Anemia 
D)  Hearing loss

Question 6

Which pathophysiologic alteration precedes crush syndrome after prolonged muscle compression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle ischemia 
B)  Myoglobinuria 
C)  Volkmann contracture 
D)  Neural injury 
A)  Muscle ischemia 
B)  Myoglobinuria 
C)  Volkmann contracture 
D)  Neural injury

Question 7

By the time osteoporosis is visible on an x-ray examination,up to what percent of bone has been lost?

Accepted Answer

A)  30% 
B)  40% 
C)  50% 
D)  60% 
A)  30% 
B)  40% 
C)  50% 
D)  60%

Question 8

The pain resulting from tendon and ligament injuries is usually described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Dull and diffuse, persisting over the distribution of the tendon or ligament 
B)  Sharp and localized, persisting over the distribution of the tendon or ligament 
C)  Pins-and-needle sensations that occur distal to the injury with movement 
D)  Intermittent and aching, occurring over the distribution of the tendon or ligament 
A)  Dull and diffuse, persisting over the distribution of the tendon or ligament 
B)  Sharp and localized, persisting over the distribution of the tendon or ligament 
C)  Pins-and-needle sensations that occur distal to the injury with movement 
D)  Intermittent and aching, occurring over the distribution of the tendon or ligament

Question 9

In osteoarthritis,what is the effect of the disruption of the pumping action of proteoglycans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pump malfunction stimulates the induction of nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide, which degrades the cartilage. 
B)  Cartilage is damaged by proteolytic enzymes because they cannot be pumped out of the joint. 
C)  Cartilage becomes dry, brittle, and wears away because fluid cannot be pumped into the cartilage. 
D)  Cartilage takes in too much fluid and is unable to withstand the stresses of weight bearing. 
A)  Pump malfunction stimulates the induction of nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide, which degrades the cartilage. 
B)  Cartilage is damaged by proteolytic enzymes because they cannot be pumped out of the joint. 
C)  Cartilage becomes dry, brittle, and wears away because fluid cannot be pumped into the cartilage. 
D)  Cartilage takes in too much fluid and is unable to withstand the stresses of weight bearing.

Question 10

Which type of osteoporosis would a person develop after having the left leg in a cast for 8 weeks to treat a compound displaced fracture of the tibia and fibula?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iatrogenic 
B)  Regional 
C)  Idiopathic 
D)  Osteoblastic 
A)  Iatrogenic 
B)  Regional 
C)  Idiopathic 
D)  Osteoblastic

Question 11

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics.
-Rhabdomyolysis

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairment of the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease 
A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairment of the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease

Question 12

What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduced excretion of purines 
B)  Overproduction of uric acid 
C)  Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels 
D)  Overproduction of proteoglycans 
A)  Reduced excretion of purines 
B)  Overproduction of uric acid 
C)  Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels 
D)  Overproduction of proteoglycans

Question 13

When considering osteomyelitis,sequestrum is identified as what?

Accepted Answer

A)  An area of devascularized and devitalized bone 
B)  An enzyme that phagocytizes necrotic bone 
C)  A subperiosteal abscess 
D)  A layer of new bone surrounding the infected bone 
A)  An area of devascularized and devitalized bone 
B)  An enzyme that phagocytizes necrotic bone 
C)  A subperiosteal abscess 
D)  A layer of new bone surrounding the infected bone

Question 14

The pathophysiologic presentation of gout is closely linked to the metabolism of which chemical?

Accepted Answer

A)  Purine 
B)  Pyrimidine 
C)  Vitamin E 
D)  Amino acid 
A)  Purine 
B)  Pyrimidine 
C)  Vitamin E 
D)  Amino acid

Question 15

At what age is peak bone mass and strength reached in women?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 years 
B)  20 years 
C)  30 years 
D)  35 years 
A)  15 years 
B)  20 years 
C)  30 years 
D)  35 years

Question 16

Improper reduction or immobilization of a fractured femur can result in which outcome after cast removal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The muscles around the fracture site are weak. 
B)  The fracture requires 6 to 8 weeks of physical therapy. 
C)  The skin under the cast is dry and flaky. 
D)  The bone is not straight. 
A)  The muscles around the fracture site are weak. 
B)  The fracture requires 6 to 8 weeks of physical therapy. 
C)  The skin under the cast is dry and flaky. 
D)  The bone is not straight.

Question 17

Considering the pathophysiologic process of postmenopausal osteoporosis,which changes are believed to play a significant role in the development of age-related bone loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased oxidative stress and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species 
B)  Hypoparathyroidism 
C)  Increased body weight 
D)  Decreased formation and short life span of osteoclasts 
A)  Increased oxidative stress and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species 
B)  Hypoparathyroidism 
C)  Increased body weight 
D)  Decreased formation and short life span of osteoclasts

Question 18

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics.
-Myositis

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairment of the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease 
A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairment of the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease

Question 19

A bone density of 645 mg/cm² would support which diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoplasia 
B)  Osteoporosis 
C)  Osteopenia 
D)  Osteomalacia 
A)  Osteoplasia 
B)  Osteoporosis 
C)  Osteopenia 
D)  Osteomalacia

Question 20

What term is used to identify the calcium crystals that are associated with chronic gout?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stones 
B)  Spurs 
C)  Tophi 
D)  Nodes 
A)  Stones 
B)  Spurs 
C)  Tophi 
D)  Nodes

Exam 44: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Which term is used to identify the temporary displacement of two bones causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact?

What pattern of bone destruction is described as not well-defined and not easily separated from normal bone?

What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture?

Considering the pathophysiologic process of osteoporosis,which hormone exerts antiapoptotic effects on osteoblasts but proapoptotic effects on osteoclasts?

People with gout are at high risk for which co-morbid condition?

Which pathophysiologic alteration precedes crush syndrome after prolonged muscle compression?

By the time osteoporosis is visible on an x-ray examination,up to what percent of bone has been lost?

The pain resulting from tendon and ligament injuries is usually described as:

In osteoarthritis,what is the effect of the disruption of the pumping action of proteoglycans?

Which type of osteoporosis would a person develop after having the left leg in a cast for 8 weeks to treat a compound displaced fracture of the tibia and fibula?

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics. -Rhabdomyolysis

What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis?

When considering osteomyelitis,sequestrum is identified as what?

The pathophysiologic presentation of gout is closely linked to the metabolism of which chemical?

At what age is peak bone mass and strength reached in women?

Improper reduction or immobilization of a fractured femur can result in which outcome after cast removal?

Considering the pathophysiologic process of postmenopausal osteoporosis,which changes are believed to play a significant role in the development of age-related bone loss?

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics. -Myositis

A bone density of 645 mg/cm² would support which diagnosis?

What term is used to identify the calcium crystals that are associated with chronic gout?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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