Question 1

Which risk factor is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)because of its relationship with the alteration of hepatic lipoprotein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diabetes mellitus 
B)  Hypertension 
C)  Obesity 
D)  High alcohol consumption 
A)  Diabetes mellitus 
B)  Hypertension 
C)  Obesity 
D)  High alcohol consumption

Question 2

When is the scar tissue that is formed after a myocardial infarction (MI)most vulnerable to injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Between 5 and 9 days 
B)  Between 10 and 14 days 
C)  Between 15 and 20 days 
D)  Between 20 and 30 days 
A)  Between 5 and 9 days 
B)  Between 10 and 14 days 
C)  Between 15 and 20 days 
D)  Between 20 and 30 days

Question 3

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Mitral stenosis

Accepted Answer

A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle 
A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle

Question 4

What is the cause of the dyspnea resulting from a thoracic aneurysm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pressure on surrounding organs 
B)  Poor oxygenation 
C)  Formation of atherosclerotic lesions 
D)  Impaired blood flow 
A)  Pressure on surrounding organs 
B)  Poor oxygenation 
C)  Formation of atherosclerotic lesions 
D)  Impaired blood flow

Question 5

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Tricuspid regurgitation

Accepted Answer

A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle 
A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle

Question 6

Which laboratory test is an indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homocysteine 
B)  Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 
C)  Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 
D)  C-reactive protein (CRP) 
A)  Homocysteine 
B)  Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 
C)  Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 
D)  C-reactive protein (CRP)

Question 7

A patient reports sudden onset of severe chest pain that radiates to the back and worsens with respiratory movement and when lying down.These clinical manifestations describe:

Accepted Answer

A)  Myocardial infarction (MI) 
B)  Pericardial effusion 
C)  Restrictive pericarditis 
D)  Acute pericarditis 
A)  Myocardial infarction (MI) 
B)  Pericardial effusion 
C)  Restrictive pericarditis 
D)  Acute pericarditis

Question 8

What is the most common cardiac disorder associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiomyopathy 
B)  Myocarditis 
C)  Left heart failure 
D)  Heart block 
A)  Cardiomyopathy 
B)  Myocarditis 
C)  Left heart failure 
D)  Heart block

Question 9

Which statement best describes Raynaud disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammatory disorder of small- and medium-size arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands 
B)  Neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities 
C)  Vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers and, less commonly, of the toes 
D)  Autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities 
A)  Inflammatory disorder of small- and medium-size arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands 
B)  Neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities 
C)  Vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers and, less commonly, of the toes 
D)  Autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities

Question 10

Which factor can trigger an immune response in the bloodstream that may result in an embolus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amniotic fluid 
B)  Fat 
C)  Bacteria 
D)  Air 
A)  Amniotic fluid 
B)  Fat 
C)  Bacteria 
D)  Air

Question 11

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Aortic regurgitation

Accepted Answer

A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle 
A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle

Question 12

Ventricular dilation and grossly impaired systolic function,leading to dilated heart failure,characterize which form of cardiomyopathy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Congestive 
B)  Hypertrophic 
C)  Septal 
D)  Dystrophic 
A)  Congestive 
B)  Hypertrophic 
C)  Septal 
D)  Dystrophic

Question 13

Amyloidosis,hemochromatosis,or glycogen storage disease usually causes which form of cardiomyopathy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infiltrative 
B)  Restrictive 
C)  Septal 
D)  Hypertrophic 
A)  Infiltrative 
B)  Restrictive 
C)  Septal 
D)  Hypertrophic

Question 14

Which form of angina occurs most often during sleep as a result of vasospasms of one or more coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unstable 
B)  Stable 
C)  Silent 
D)  Prinzmetal 
A)  Unstable 
B)  Stable 
C)  Silent 
D)  Prinzmetal

Question 15

Which statement is true concerning the cells' ability to synthesize cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell production of cholesterol is affected by the aging process. 
B)  Cells produce cholesterol only when dietary fat intake is low. 
C)  Most body cells are capable of producing cholesterol. 
D)  Most cholesterol produced by the cells is converted to the low-density form. 
A)  Cell production of cholesterol is affected by the aging process. 
B)  Cells produce cholesterol only when dietary fat intake is low. 
C)  Most body cells are capable of producing cholesterol. 
D)  Most cholesterol produced by the cells is converted to the low-density form.

Question 16

What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima. 
B)  It increases nitric oxide. 
C)  Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall. 
D)  It obstructs the vessel. 
A)  Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima. 
B)  It increases nitric oxide. 
C)  Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall. 
D)  It obstructs the vessel.

Question 17

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Aortic stenosis

Accepted Answer

A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle 
A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle

Question 18

What is the trigger for angina pectoris?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atherosclerotic lesions 
B)  Hyperlipidemia 
C)  Myocardial necrosis 
D)  Myocardial ischemia 
A)  Atherosclerotic lesions 
B)  Hyperlipidemia 
C)  Myocardial necrosis 
D)  Myocardial ischemia

Question 19

Which statement best describes thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammatory disorder of small- and medium-size arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands 
B)  Vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers and, less commonly, of the toes 
C)  Autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities 
D)  Neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities 
A)  Inflammatory disorder of small- and medium-size arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands 
B)  Vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers and, less commonly, of the toes 
C)  Autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities 
D)  Neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities

Question 20

Which statements are true regarding fatty streaks? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Fatty streaks progressively damage vessel walls. 
B)  Fatty streaks are capable of producing toxic oxygen radials. 
C)  When present, inflammatory changes occur to the vessel walls. 
D)  Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are involved in their formation. 
E)  Fatty streaks are formed by killer T cells filled with oxidized LDLs. 
A)  Fatty streaks progressively damage vessel walls. 
B)  Fatty streaks are capable of producing toxic oxygen radials. 
C)  When present, inflammatory changes occur to the vessel walls. 
D)  Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are involved in their formation. 
E)  Fatty streaks are formed by killer T cells filled with oxidized LDLs.

Exam 32: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Which risk factor is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)because of its relationship with the alteration of hepatic lipoprotein?

When is the scar tissue that is formed after a myocardial infarction (MI)most vulnerable to injury?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Mitral stenosis

What is the cause of the dyspnea resulting from a thoracic aneurysm?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Tricuspid regurgitation

Which laboratory test is an indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque?

A patient reports sudden onset of severe chest pain that radiates to the back and worsens with respiratory movement and when lying down.These clinical manifestations describe:

What is the most common cardiac disorder associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Which statement best describes Raynaud disease?

Which factor can trigger an immune response in the bloodstream that may result in an embolus?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Aortic regurgitation

Ventricular dilation and grossly impaired systolic function,leading to dilated heart failure,characterize which form of cardiomyopathy?

Amyloidosis,hemochromatosis,or glycogen storage disease usually causes which form of cardiomyopathy?

Which form of angina occurs most often during sleep as a result of vasospasms of one or more coronary arteries?

Which statement is true concerning the cells' ability to synthesize cholesterol?

What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Aortic stenosis

What is the trigger for angina pectoris?

Which statement best describes thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)?

Which statements are true regarding fatty streaks? (Select all that apply.)

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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