Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Research has determined that chimpanzees can learn to work for and value tokens that can be used in a vending machine to obtain food. According to the principles of operant conditioning, the token would best be considered an example of a

A cancer patient who has been receiving chemotherapy at the hospital has been experiencing severe nausea and vomiting. About 2 weeks after the therapy was initiated, the doctor decides to allow the patient to receive the chemotherapy treatment at home with the supervision of a trained nurse. The patient reports having an improved nausea and vomiting following the home therapy. This would be an example of?

Bobby's parents are frustrated because he never cleans his room. In order to modify their son's behaviour, they start reinforcing Bobby with 25 cents, every time he simply throws his clothes into a particular corner instead of all around the room. After some time passes, they only reinforce him if he puts his clothes in the hamper. As this process continues, Bobby's parents keep gradually changing the terms of reinforcement so that Bobby has to do more and more of the tasks required to keep his room clean. After several months of this, Bobby cleans his entire room for the same 25-cent reward. This example best demonstrates the process of

Explain the key factor in producing the extinction of a CR.

When you jump into a cold pool, it often feels very cold initially and then after a few minutes you typically don't notice the temperature anymore. What phenomenon does this demonstrate?

A change in behaviour that results merely from repeated exposure to a stimulus is called _________, whereas __________ involves learning associations between events.

According to learning theorists, insight involves the _____________.

Recent advances in computer and video technology have presented an innovative approach to treating anxiety disorders like phobias _____________.

According to the two-factor theory of avoidance learning, the jump response is maintained by

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

When Richard had an accident in his parent's car, he had his license suspended for 6 months. This outcome was intended to decrease his poor driving habits, therefore taking his license away is considered

When the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response will gradually weaken in a process called

When a dog salivates in response to a tone, the salivation would technically be considered a(n) ____________.

Animals trained on schedules of reinforcement sometimes show a post-reinforcement pause-they stop responding for a while immediately after reinforcement is delivered. Which of the following schedules would NOT show a post-reinforcement pause?

Janice is trying to stop smoking. So her doctor set her up with a device that can detect when she reaches for a cigarette. If she is able to not reach for a cigarette for an hour, she receives a star that can later be turned for a prize. This treatment is attempting to help Janice by using

All of the following are circumstances under which conditioned responses are typically acquired more rapidly EXCEPT

Edward Thorndike's law of ____________ specifically states that a response followed by a satisfying consequence will be more likely to occur.

Stimulus generalization refers to the process where stimuli that are similar to the initial ______________ also elicit a conditioned response.

Which type of learning alerts organisms to stimuli that signal the impending arrival of an important event?

A school age child is allowed to watch cartoons only after the homework has been completed and the assigned chores for the day are done. On days the homework is unfinished, or chores are left undone, the child is denied cartoon time. As a result, the child has become responsible about what is expected. Which strategy are the parents using to shape the child's habits?