Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Emily developed a fear of python snakes after an accident. Using the principles of classical conditioning, the accident would be considered the unconditioned stimulus. The fact that Emily was fearful of all snakes and not just python snakes demonstrates _________.

The textbook describes using virtual reality to treat phobias where clients, over a series of trials, receive increasing exposure to their feared stimulus (e.g., a spider). This is an example of what type of exposure therapy?

In Albert Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiment, children who saw a model being _________ for acting aggressively later performed _____________ aggressive acts when placed in a room with various toys.

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are both types of association learning.

Let's say that you are working for a drug company and you are trying to development a new treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. If you could be very precise with the drug, which of the following brain areas would you try to reduce the activity in?

Both Larry and Phil are cable TV installers. Larry gets paid $25 for every 5 installs, while Phil is on a salary and gets paid once a week. We would expect that ______ would install more lines each day because ______.

A reinforcement system that utilizes such things as points or chips that can be redeemed later for tangible rewards to reinforce desired behaviour is called ____________.

A decreasing response to a repeated stimulus is called _______________.

How does classical conditioning explain fear acquisition?

Clarence is a cat that is always fed in the same place, at the same time, every day. His food is taken out of the same cupboard before each meal, which has a particular sound when it opens that is loud enough to be noticeable. Although that cupboard is rarely opened for anything other than his cat food, when it is, Clarence seems to expect that he's about to be fed. What could explain his behaviour?

A psychology professor promises students a 1 bonus mark for every class they attend. The overall attendance of the course has been very good. The professor is employing which type of reinforcer?

Positive and negative reinforcers are similar in that both

Which of the following would be most likely to produce the fastest learning that is also resistant to extinction? Start with _____________.

While writing your exam, the person next to you keeps tapping their pencil. At first you find it quite distracting but after a while you stop noticing it. This is an example of ______.

Which of the following correctly describes higher-order conditioning?

Billy is a young child who cannot demonstrate the ability to delay gratification. Research shows that Billy

The _____________ model asserts that the key factor in classical conditioning is not how often the CS is paired with the UCS, but how well the CS predicts the appearance of the UCS.

Pavlov observed that when he conditioned dogs to salivate to a particular tone, not only would they salivate to this tone but also to other similar tones. This phenomenon is known as

A picture fell off the wall startling James quite a bit, making him jump. His roommate comes home a couple minutes later and his shutting the door makes James jump again though it doesn't typically. The reason he jumps the second time is that the falling picture ______ to loud noises.

Jon is really attracted to Henry. He feels really good whenever he is around him. Jon may call this love, but in terms of classical conditioned, it could be seen as