Exam 10: Personal Control Beliefs

Imagine trying to promote personal empowerment in an athlete.Use self-efficacy theory to provide two specific ways/strategies to promote personal empowerment in the athlete.

In learned helplessness experiments with human beings, the verbalization of "so why try" is the prototypical expression of the ___deficit.

In the learned helplessness experiments with human beings as subjects, what stimulus is typically used to deliver the aversive, traumatic event?

When one student who doubts his computer skills watches another student cope very well with the demands of a computer, the first student's efficacy expectation rises. The student's increased efficacy expectation was due to the influence of:

For a person with little self-efficacy and much self-doubt, task difficulties and setbacks usually open the door to the experience of:

_refers to the actual, objective relationship between a person's behavior and the environment's outcomes.

A baseball player is in a slump.He explains his recent failures in a way that is consistent with a pessimistic explanatory style.Provide an example of what the coach might say to help reverse the helplessness.

A(n) _____is the personal tendency to explain why bad events happen to the self by using attributions that are unstable and controllable.

In the face of an uncontrollable event, a person who copes actively and expresses assertive emotions such as frustration and anger is showing a ___effect to that event.

Self-efficacy is not the same as ability.In what way does self-efficacy predict coping and performance above and beyond how one's ability predicts coping and performance?

For a person who was so plagued by doubt during social interaction that he avoided social interactions, what therapy tactics would self-efficacy research recommend to boost his self-efficacy?

Attribution research shows that people do not always develop helplessness after learning that there is little they can do about an uncontrollable event.Use attribution theory to explain when people do versus do not develop helplessness in the face of an uncontrollable event.

Outline the two-phase experimental procedure for a typical learned helplessness experiment.

Sometimes people react to an uncontrollable life event with apathy and listlessness (i.e., learned helplessness); other times people react to the same uncontrollable event with assertiveness and hostility (i.e., reactance).Identify and discuss the critical variable that predicts whether people react with helplessness or reactance.

In his study with undergraduates solving anagrams, Mikulincer (1988) found that an exposure to one unsolvable anagram produced a(n) ___effect, while exposure to four unsolvable problems produced a(n) ___effect.