Question 1

The psychological meaning of failure for a mastery-oriented individual is:

Accepted Answer

A) "I am incompetent." 
B) "I guess I'm not very good at this particular task." 
C) "I should be able to succeed, but this task is just too hard for me to figure out." 
D) "The more I fail, the harder I need to try." 
A) "I am incompetent." 
B) "I guess I'm not very good at this particular task." 
C) "I should be able to succeed, but this task is just too hard for me to figure out." 
D) "The more I fail, the harder I need to try."

Question 2

What causes learned helplessness?
Identify the three deficits that typically accompany the experience of helplessness?

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness is a psychological

Question 3

The following question represents which motivational construct: "If things start to go wrong during my performance, do I have the resources within me to cope successfully and turn things around for the better?

Accepted Answer

A) attributional style 
B) learned helplessness 
C) reactance 
D) self-efficacy 
A) attributional style 
B) learned helplessness 
C) reactance 
D) self-efficacy

Question 4

According to Dweck and Repucci (1973), helpless-oriented children tend to quit in the face of failure because they tend to make ___attributions to explain their failures.

Accepted Answer

A) high-ability 
B) low-ability 
C) high-effort 
D) low-effort 
A) high-ability 
B) low-ability 
C) high-effort 
D) low-effort

Question 5

Who is the most susceptible to the illusion of control phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) depressed individuals in situations that allow high or very high actual control 
B) depressed individuals in situations that allow little or no actual control 
C) nondepressed individuals in situations that allow high or very high actual control 
D) nondepressed individuals in situations that allow little or no actual control 
A) depressed individuals in situations that allow high or very high actual control 
B) depressed individuals in situations that allow little or no actual control 
C) nondepressed individuals in situations that allow high or very high actual control 
D) nondepressed individuals in situations that allow little or no actual control

Question 6

"Failure as a challenge" means that the meaning of failure is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) attributional phenomenon that raises an energizing reactance response. 
B) danger signal to our well-being that needs to be taken seriously. 
C) opportunity for learning and personal growth. 
D) second chance to prove one's otherwise uncertain ability level. 
A) attributional phenomenon that raises an energizing reactance response. 
B) danger signal to our well-being that needs to be taken seriously. 
C) opportunity for learning and personal growth. 
D) second chance to prove one's otherwise uncertain ability level.

Question 7

According to reactance theory, why do people do precisely the opposite of what they are told to do?

Accepted Answer

According to reactance theory, people ma

Question 8

Outline what an expert model would do step-by-step in implementing a mastery-modeling program as a means of empowering anxious novices to become confident masters of a particular task.

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Assess the Needs and Goals
The e

Question 9

Pessimistic explanatory style has been linked to:

Accepted Answer

A) academic success. 
B) victory in presidential elections. 
C) acute social judgment. 
D) academic failure. 
A) academic success. 
B) victory in presidential elections. 
C) acute social judgment. 
D) academic failure.

Question 10

Helplessness is:

Accepted Answer

A) caused by the failure to construct pre-performance implementation intentions. 
B) dependent on self-efficacy. 
C) innate. 
D) learned. 
A) caused by the failure to construct pre-performance implementation intentions. 
B) dependent on self-efficacy. 
C) innate. 
D) learned.

Question 11

Strong self-efficacy beliefs are associated with all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) altering attributions from external to internal. 
B) allowing problem solving to remain task-focused and thinking to remain efficient rather than erratic. 
C) predicting how much effort a performer exerts in the face of adversity. 
D) quieting doubt during failure or rejection. 
A) altering attributions from external to internal. 
B) allowing problem solving to remain task-focused and thinking to remain efficient rather than erratic. 
C) predicting how much effort a performer exerts in the face of adversity. 
D) quieting doubt during failure or rejection.

Question 12

A strong sense of efficacy allows a performer to remain highly ___, even in the face of situational stress and problem-solving dead-ends.

Accepted Answer

A) outcome-focused 
B) reactance-focused 
C) self-conscious 
D) task-focused 
A) outcome-focused 
B) reactance-focused 
C) self-conscious 
D) task-focused

Question 13

Define an efficacy expectation.Provide one example of an efficacy expectation.

Accepted Answer

An efficacy expectation, also known as s

Question 14

An ___expectation is a person's estimate of how likely it is that he or she can act in a particular way; whereas an ___expectation is a person's estimate of what will happen once the person carries out that behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) antecedent; effort 
B) efficacy; outcome 
C) effort; antecedent 
D) outcome; efficacy 
A) antecedent; effort 
B) efficacy; outcome 
C) effort; antecedent 
D) outcome; efficacy

Question 15

__can be understood as the psychological state that results when an individual expects that life's outcomes are uncontrollable.

Accepted Answer

A) Attribution 
B) Learned helplessness 
C) Self-efficacy 
D) Self-regulation 
A) Attribution 
B) Learned helplessness 
C) Self-efficacy 
D) Self-regulation

Question 16

Identify the differences between efficacy expectations and outcome expectations.

Accepted Answer

Efficacy expectations and outcome expect

Question 17

Based on the text, the opposite of self-efficacy is:

Accepted Answer

A) apathy. 
B) doubt. 
C) helplessness. 
D) low self-esteem. 
A) apathy. 
B) doubt. 
C) helplessness. 
D) low self-esteem.

Question 18

A ____refers to a hardy, resistant portrayal of the self during encounters with failure.

Accepted Answer

A) fundamental attribution style 
B) fundamental motivational orientation 
C) mastery motivational orientation 
D) reactance motivational orientation 
A) fundamental attribution style 
B) fundamental motivational orientation 
C) mastery motivational orientation 
D) reactance motivational orientation

Question 19

The cognitive foundation underlying personal empowerment is:

Accepted Answer

A) high enculturation. 
B) high reactance. 
C) high self-efficacy. 
D) high self-esteem. 
A) high enculturation. 
B) high reactance. 
C) high self-efficacy. 
D) high self-esteem.

Question 20

During failure feedback, mastery-oriented individuals generally focus on:

Accepted Answer

A) their bad luck. 
B) how much they would benefit from assistance, such as coaching or social support. 
C) how they can remedy the failure. 
D) their low ability. 
A) their bad luck. 
B) how much they would benefit from assistance, such as coaching or social support. 
C) how they can remedy the failure. 
D) their low ability.

The psychological meaning of failure for a mastery-oriented individual is:

What causes learned helplessness? Identify the three deficits that typically accompany the experience of helplessness?

The following question represents which motivational construct: "If things start to go wrong during my performance, do I have the resources within me to cope successfully and turn things around for the better?

According to Dweck and Repucci (1973), helpless-oriented children tend to quit in the face of failure because they tend to make ___attributions to explain their failures.

Who is the most susceptible to the illusion of control phenomenon?

"Failure as a challenge" means that the meaning of failure is a(n):

According to reactance theory, why do people do precisely the opposite of what they are told to do?

Outline what an expert model would do step-by-step in implementing a mastery-modeling program as a means of empowering anxious novices to become confident masters of a particular task.

Pessimistic explanatory style has been linked to:

Helplessness is:

Strong self-efficacy beliefs are associated with all of the following except:

A strong sense of efficacy allows a performer to remain highly ___, even in the face of situational stress and problem-solving dead-ends.

Define an efficacy expectation.Provide one example of an efficacy expectation.

An _expectation is a person's estimate of how likely it is that he or she can act in a particular way; whereas an _expectation is a person's estimate of what will happen once the person carries out that behavior.

__can be understood as the psychological state that results when an individual expects that life's outcomes are uncontrollable.

Identify the differences between efficacy expectations and outcome expectations.

Based on the text, the opposite of self-efficacy is:

A ____refers to a hardy, resistant portrayal of the self during encounters with failure.

The cognitive foundation underlying personal empowerment is:

During failure feedback, mastery-oriented individuals generally focus on:

Introduction

Motivation and Emotion in Historical Perspective

The Motivated and Emotional Brain

Physiological Needs

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations

Psychological Needs

Implicit Motives

Goal Setting and Goal Striving

Mindsets

The Self and Its Strivings

Nature of Emotion: Six Perennial Questions

Aspects of Emotion

Individual Emotions

Growth Motivation and Positive Psychology

Unconscious Motivation

Interventions

Filters

Exam 10: Personal Control Beliefs

The psychological meaning of failure for a mastery-oriented individual is:

What causes learned helplessness? Identify the three deficits that typically accompany the experience of helplessness?

The following question represents which motivational construct: "If things start to go wrong during my performance, do I have the resources within me to cope successfully and turn things around for the better?

According to Dweck and Repucci (1973), helpless-oriented children tend to quit in the face of failure because they tend to make ___attributions to explain their failures.

Who is the most susceptible to the illusion of control phenomenon?

"Failure as a challenge" means that the meaning of failure is a(n):

According to reactance theory, why do people do precisely the opposite of what they are told to do?

Outline what an expert model would do step-by-step in implementing a mastery-modeling program as a means of empowering anxious novices to become confident masters of a particular task.

Pessimistic explanatory style has been linked to:

Helplessness is:

Strong self-efficacy beliefs are associated with all of the following except:

A strong sense of efficacy allows a performer to remain highly ___, even in the face of situational stress and problem-solving dead-ends.

Define an efficacy expectation.Provide one example of an efficacy expectation.

An ___expectation is a person's estimate of how likely it is that he or she can act in a particular way; whereas an ___expectation is a person's estimate of what will happen once the person carries out that behavior.

__can be understood as the psychological state that results when an individual expects that life's outcomes are uncontrollable.

Identify the differences between efficacy expectations and outcome expectations.

Based on the text, the opposite of self-efficacy is:

A ____refers to a hardy, resistant portrayal of the self during encounters with failure.

The cognitive foundation underlying personal empowerment is:

During failure feedback, mastery-oriented individuals generally focus on:

Introduction

Motivation and Emotion in Historical Perspective

The Motivated and Emotional Brain

Physiological Needs

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations

Psychological Needs

Implicit Motives

Goal Setting and Goal Striving

Mindsets

The Self and Its Strivings

Nature of Emotion: Six Perennial Questions

Aspects of Emotion

Individual Emotions

Growth Motivation and Positive Psychology

Unconscious Motivation

Interventions

Filters

An _expectation is a person's estimate of how likely it is that he or she can act in a particular way; whereas an _expectation is a person's estimate of what will happen once the person carries out that behavior.