Question 1

Gram stain smears of urethral exudates for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are highly specific.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

________, periodic reports on the susceptibility of clinically isolated organisms to the antibiotics in current local use, are particularly valuable for tracking the emergence of new antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibiotic susceptibility plates 
B)  Antibiograms 
C)  Direct agglutination reports 
D)  Histograms 
A)  Antibiotic susceptibility plates 
B)  Antibiograms 
C)  Direct agglutination reports 
D)  Histograms

Question 3

One advantage of the fluorescent antibodies that permits disease diagnosis long before primary isolation techniques yield results is that

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-reactions do not occur. 
B)  few controls are required. 
C)  nonspecific staining does not occur. 
D)  it may be applied directly to tissue. 
A)  cross-reactions do not occur. 
B)  few controls are required. 
C)  nonspecific staining does not occur. 
D)  it may be applied directly to tissue.

Question 4

EMB agar is an example of a ________ medium.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective 
B)  differential 
C)  selective and differential 
D)  neither selective nor differential 
A)  selective 
B)  differential 
C)  selective and differential 
D)  neither selective nor differential

Question 5

All positive HIV-EIA tests must be confirmed by another independent test, usually the HIV Western blot.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Differentiate between the various biosafety levels and when they are most appropriately used.

Accepted Answer

Biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) is often used

Question 7

Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) agar

Accepted Answer

A)  incorporates antibiotics into the medium. 
B)  enhances the growth of normal flora. 
C)  prevents the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but promotes the growth of Neisseria meningitidis. 
D)  prevents the growth of Neisseria meningitides, but promotes the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 
A)  incorporates antibiotics into the medium. 
B)  enhances the growth of normal flora. 
C)  prevents the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but promotes the growth of Neisseria meningitidis. 
D)  prevents the growth of Neisseria meningitides, but promotes the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Question 8

Eukaryotic intestinal parasites, such as Giardia, can be identified by observing stool samples for the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  cysts. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  LPS. 
D)  blood. 
A)  cysts. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  LPS. 
D)  blood.

Question 9

Which of the following prevents supercoiling of bacterial DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  macrolides 
B)  quinolones 
C)  penicillins 
D)  cephalosporins 
A)  macrolides 
B)  quinolones 
C)  penicillins 
D)  cephalosporins

Question 10

A toxoid is an attenuated form of a toxin that retains both its antigenicity and toxicity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

An important intestinal pathogen generally acquired from contaminated food or water is

Accepted Answer

A)  Clostridium perfringens. 
B)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
C)  Ebola virus. 
D)  Escherichia coli O157:H7. 
A)  Clostridium perfringens. 
B)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
C)  Ebola virus. 
D)  Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Question 12

Describe the three main components to PCR-based testing.

Accepted Answer

The first step requires that nucleic aci

Question 13

Why are secondary or ʺboosterʺ reimmunizations given?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary immunizations are necessary for an innate immune response. 
B)  Secondary reimmunizations produce a secondary immune response and boost antibody titers. 
C)  Secondary reimmunizations produce a phagocytic immune response that is longer lasting than the primary immune response. 
D)  Frequent secondary reimmunizations are needed because the immune system doesnʹt remember antigens for more than a few years. 
A)  Secondary immunizations are necessary for an innate immune response. 
B)  Secondary reimmunizations produce a secondary immune response and boost antibody titers. 
C)  Secondary reimmunizations produce a phagocytic immune response that is longer lasting than the primary immune response. 
D)  Frequent secondary reimmunizations are needed because the immune system doesnʹt remember antigens for more than a few years.

Question 14

A laboratory in which Ebola virus is studied would be classified as a BSL-________ laboratory.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 15

Antibody titer can be measured by

Accepted Answer

A)  negative microscopy. 
B)  agglutination. 
C)  plate counts done after isolating the pathogen. 
D)  polymerase chain reaction. 
A)  negative microscopy. 
B)  agglutination. 
C)  plate counts done after isolating the pathogen. 
D)  polymerase chain reaction.

Question 16

The disk-diffusion test is used for

Accepted Answer

A)  assessing antimicrobial activity. 
B)  the identification of Escherichia coli. 
C)  the identification of viral plaques. 
D)  the detection of antigen. 
A)  assessing antimicrobial activity. 
B)  the identification of Escherichia coli. 
C)  the identification of viral plaques. 
D)  the detection of antigen.

Question 17

The use of special culture media and incubation conditions to isolate microorganisms from samples is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  differential culture. 
B)  selective culture. 
C)  enrichment culture. 
D)  sensitive culture. 
A)  differential culture. 
B)  selective culture. 
C)  enrichment culture. 
D)  sensitive culture.

Question 18

One problem with the EIA test is the disposal of radioactive wastes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 28: Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Gram stain smears of urethral exudates for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are highly specific.

________, periodic reports on the susceptibility of clinically isolated organisms to the antibiotics in current local use, are particularly valuable for tracking the emergence of new antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens.

One advantage of the fluorescent antibodies that permits disease diagnosis long before primary isolation techniques yield results is that

EMB agar is an example of a ________ medium.

All positive HIV-EIA tests must be confirmed by another independent test, usually the HIV Western blot.

Differentiate between the various biosafety levels and when they are most appropriately used.

Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) agar

Eukaryotic intestinal parasites, such as Giardia, can be identified by observing stool samples for the presence of

Which of the following prevents supercoiling of bacterial DNA?

A toxoid is an attenuated form of a toxin that retains both its antigenicity and toxicity.

An important intestinal pathogen generally acquired from contaminated food or water is

Describe the three main components to PCR-based testing.

Why are secondary or ʺboosterʺ reimmunizations given?

A laboratory in which Ebola virus is studied would be classified as a BSL-________ laboratory.

Antibody titer can be measured by

The disk-diffusion test is used for

The use of special culture media and incubation conditions to isolate microorganisms from samples is known as a(n)

One problem with the EIA test is the disposal of radioactive wastes.

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

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