Question 1

Use specific examples to describe the difference between a differential and a selective medium.

Accepted Answer

A selective medium restricts the growth

Question 2

Which of the following is a novel antimicrobial target?

Accepted Answer

A)  disruption of lipid biosynthesis 
B)  inhibition of protein synthesis 
C)  inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis 
D)  inhibition of peptidoglycan crosslinking 
A)  disruption of lipid biosynthesis 
B)  inhibition of protein synthesis 
C)  inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis 
D)  inhibition of peptidoglycan crosslinking

Question 3

Which of the following antibiotics inhibits RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  penicillin 
B)  erythromycin 
C)  rifampin 
D)  azithromycin 
A)  penicillin 
B)  erythromycin 
C)  rifampin 
D)  azithromycin

Question 4

An Etest is a clinical tool used for the determination of

Accepted Answer

A)  enteric presence. 
B)  Escherichia coli O157:H7 presence. 
C)  the minimum inhibitory concentration (MI
C)  value of an antimicrobial agent. 
D)  pathogenic enzyme activity. 
A)  enteric presence. 
B)  Escherichia coli O157:H7 presence. 
C)  the minimum inhibitory concentration (MI
C)  value of an antimicrobial agent. 
D)  pathogenic enzyme activity.

Question 5

Protein A, commonly used in immunoblots, is derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus. 
B)  Escherichia. 
C)  Bacillus. 
D)  Clostridium. 
A)  Staphylococcus. 
B)  Escherichia. 
C)  Bacillus. 
D)  Clostridium.

Question 6

Interferons promote viral replication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Nucleic acid probes and immunological reagents are NOT commonly used in the clinical laboratory for the diagnosis of viral disease, because the cultivation of the virus is often difficult or even impossible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A positive antibody titer indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  previous exposure to an antigen. 
B)  active infection. 
C)  latent disease. 
D)  a healthy individual. 
A)  previous exposure to an antigen. 
B)  active infection. 
C)  latent disease. 
D)  a healthy individual.

Question 9

At this time, EIA tests are too difficult for routine diagnoses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Hybridization requires a nucleic acid probe that binds to DNA or RNA of interest, which must be in the ________ form for hybridization to occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  single-stranded 
B)  double-stranded 
C)  oligomerized 
D)  polymerized 
A)  single-stranded 
B)  double-stranded 
C)  oligomerized 
D)  polymerized

Question 11

Blood infections are most commonly caused by Enterococcus and ________, among many other genera.

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus 
B)  Coryneform bacteria 
C)  Propionibacteria 
D)  Escherichia coli 
A)  Staphylococcus 
B)  Coryneform bacteria 
C)  Propionibacteria 
D)  Escherichia coli

Question 12

Compared with other precipitation tests, agglutination tests are

Accepted Answer

A)  more sensitive. 
B)  less sensitive. 
C)  about equally sensitive. 
D)  highly variable in sensitivity, and thus the sensitivities cannot be compared. 
A)  more sensitive. 
B)  less sensitive. 
C)  about equally sensitive. 
D)  highly variable in sensitivity, and thus the sensitivities cannot be compared.

Question 13

What is the basis for inferring infection of a pathogen when a serological EIA is performed? In this context, what does a positive result indicate?

Accepted Answer

An EIA can measure the titer of a specif

Question 14

Which type of medium allows a variety of microbes to grow but often changes color in the right conditions, such as when fermentation causes a pH change?

Accepted Answer

A)  selective but not differential 
B)  differential but not selective 
C)  both selective and differential 
D)  neither selective nor differential 
A)  selective but not differential 
B)  differential but not selective 
C)  both selective and differential 
D)  neither selective nor differential

Question 15

Explain the principle difference between direct agglutination and passive agglutination.

Accepted Answer

Direct agglutination is clumping formed

Question 16

Latex bead agglutination tests are

Accepted Answer

A)  rapid and reliable tests used for the detection of certain bacteria as well as certain serum antibodies. 
B)  inferior tests used in developing countries not having facilities for more reliable assays. 
C)  an integral part of the EIA test procedure. 
D)  too expensive for routine use. 
A)  rapid and reliable tests used for the detection of certain bacteria as well as certain serum antibodies. 
B)  inferior tests used in developing countries not having facilities for more reliable assays. 
C)  an integral part of the EIA test procedure. 
D)  too expensive for routine use.

Question 17

An attenuated strain of a pathogen

Accepted Answer

A)  has lost its virulence, but may be used to create a vaccine. 
B)  has changed its antigens to avoid an adaptive immune response. 
C)  is more virulent than the regular strains and may cause septic shock. 
D)  is an extracellular pathogen that will be cleared by innate immunity. 
A)  has lost its virulence, but may be used to create a vaccine. 
B)  has changed its antigens to avoid an adaptive immune response. 
C)  is more virulent than the regular strains and may cause septic shock. 
D)  is an extracellular pathogen that will be cleared by innate immunity.

Question 18

Chitin is found ONLY in fungi and insects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

To detect antibodies in human serum, the direct EIA is most commonly employed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Discuss antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the use of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values.

Accepted Answer

Antimicrobial susceptibility is measured

Exam 28: Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Use specific examples to describe the difference between a differential and a selective medium.

Which of the following is a novel antimicrobial target?

Which of the following antibiotics inhibits RNA synthesis?

An Etest is a clinical tool used for the determination of

Protein A, commonly used in immunoblots, is derived from

Interferons promote viral replication.

Nucleic acid probes and immunological reagents are NOT commonly used in the clinical laboratory for the diagnosis of viral disease, because the cultivation of the virus is often difficult or even impossible.

A positive antibody titer indicates

At this time, EIA tests are too difficult for routine diagnoses.

Hybridization requires a nucleic acid probe that binds to DNA or RNA of interest, which must be in the ________ form for hybridization to occur.

Blood infections are most commonly caused by Enterococcus and ________, among many other genera.

Compared with other precipitation tests, agglutination tests are

What is the basis for inferring infection of a pathogen when a serological EIA is performed? In this context, what does a positive result indicate?

Which type of medium allows a variety of microbes to grow but often changes color in the right conditions, such as when fermentation causes a pH change?

Explain the principle difference between direct agglutination and passive agglutination.

Latex bead agglutination tests are

An attenuated strain of a pathogen

Chitin is found ONLY in fungi and insects.

To detect antibodies in human serum, the direct EIA is most commonly employed.

Discuss antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the use of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values.

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

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