Question 1

The oil industry became a huge business

Accepted Answer

A) with the building of kerosene-fueled electric generators. 
B) when the federal government granted a monopoly to Standard Oil. 
C) with the invention of the internal combustion engine. 
D) when diesel engines were perfected. 
E) when oil shipping tankers were constructed on a massive scale. 
A) with the building of kerosene-fueled electric generators. 
B) when the federal government granted a monopoly to Standard Oil. 
C) with the invention of the internal combustion engine. 
D) when diesel engines were perfected. 
E) when oil shipping tankers were constructed on a massive scale.

Question 2

Two technological innovations that greatly expanded the industrial employment of women in the late nineteenth century were the

Accepted Answer

A) typewriter and the telephone. 
B) electric light and the phonograph. 
C) Bessemer steel process and the internal combustion engine. 
D) streetcar and the bicycle. 
E) electric refrigerator and stove. 
A) typewriter and the telephone. 
B) electric light and the phonograph. 
C) Bessemer steel process and the internal combustion engine. 
D) streetcar and the bicycle. 
E) electric refrigerator and stove.

Question 3

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

Accepted Answer

A) cash grants from new taxes. 
B) land grants and loans. 
C) cash grants from higher tariffs. 
D) reduced prices for iron and steel. 
E) aid for construction of railroad stations. 
A) cash grants from new taxes. 
B) land grants and loans. 
C) cash grants from higher tariffs. 
D) reduced prices for iron and steel. 
E) aid for construction of railroad stations.

Question 4

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-"Acres of Diamonds"

Accepted Answer

"Acres of Diamonds" is a famous speech b

Question 5

American capitalist businessmen usually justified their wealth on the basis of the "survival of the fittest." Yet in practice, most of them disliked business competition and sought to create effective monopolies. Why did they do so? Why did U.S. government efforts to curb these effective monopolies mostly fail?

Accepted Answer

American capitalist businessmen justifie

Question 6

John D. Rockefeller's organizational technique of horizontal integration involved

Accepted Answer

A) franchising Standard Oil gasoline stations to independent operators. 
B) combining and controlling all phases of the oil industry from drilling to commercial retailing. 
C) creating standardized job assignments and fixed production and sales quotas for all employees. 
D) forcing small competitors to assign stock to Standard Oil, then consolidating and integrating the operations of the previously competing enterprises, or lose their business. 
E) developing multiple uses for oil in transportation, lighting, and industry. 
A) franchising Standard Oil gasoline stations to independent operators. 
B) combining and controlling all phases of the oil industry from drilling to commercial retailing. 
C) creating standardized job assignments and fixed production and sales quotas for all employees. 
D) forcing small competitors to assign stock to Standard Oil, then consolidating and integrating the operations of the previously competing enterprises, or lose their business. 
E) developing multiple uses for oil in transportation, lighting, and industry.

Question 7

Andrew Carnegie's system of vertical integration

Accepted Answer

A) combined all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company. 
B) created an industrial association through which member companies could wield much power. 
C) embraced the notion of buying up competitors and forming a monopoly interest. 
D) required smaller competitors to agree to standardized rates set by larger firms. 
E) None of these 
A) combined all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company. 
B) created an industrial association through which member companies could wield much power. 
C) embraced the notion of buying up competitors and forming a monopoly interest. 
D) required smaller competitors to agree to standardized rates set by larger firms. 
E) None of these

Question 8

To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to

Accepted Answer

A) help freedmen to work in factories. 
B) incorporate big businesses. 
C) allow the captains of industry to avoid paying taxes. 
D) avoid corporate regulation by the states. 
E) protect the civil rights of business people. 
A) help freedmen to work in factories. 
B) incorporate big businesses. 
C) allow the captains of industry to avoid paying taxes. 
D) avoid corporate regulation by the states. 
E) protect the civil rights of business people.

Question 9

Which was most important to the rapid pace of American industrialization in the late nineteenth century: the abundance of raw materials, an integrated national market under the same governmental system, the organizational drive of American corporate leaders, or the creativity of American inventors? Defend your answer.

Accepted Answer

The most important factor to the rapid p

Question 10

The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of

Accepted Answer

A) Jay Gould. 
B) Henry Bessemer. 
C) J.P.Morgan 
D) Thomas Edison. 
E) Alexander Graham Bell. 
A) Jay Gould. 
B) Henry Bessemer. 
C) J.P.Morgan 
D) Thomas Edison. 
E) Alexander Graham Bell.

Question 11

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-"survival of the fittest"

Accepted Answer

"Survival of the fittest" is a phrase th

Question 12

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois (1886)

Accepted Answer

Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Com

Question 13

During the age of industrialization, the South

Accepted Answer

A) was not targeted by northern industrialists who sought to introduce factories into the region. 
B) received preferential treatment from the railroads. 
C) turned away from agriculture 
D) made major efforts to industrialize that ultimately transformed the economic culture of the South, making the region much more industrial. 
E) remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural. 
A) was not targeted by northern industrialists who sought to introduce factories into the region. 
B) received preferential treatment from the railroads. 
C) turned away from agriculture 
D) made major efforts to industrialize that ultimately transformed the economic culture of the South, making the region much more industrial. 
E) remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.

Question 14

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-"Pittsburgh plus" pricing

Accepted Answer

"Pittsburgh plus" pricing refers to a pr

Question 15

In the case of Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois, the U.S. Supreme Court held that state legislatures could not regulate railroads because

Accepted Answer

A) the U.S.Constitution did not permit the government to regulate private industry. 
B) the state legislatures were acting on behalf of a private interest, Illinois farmers. 
C) the state legislatures had provided the railroad company with state regulatory exemptions when land grant legislation was enacted to help create the railroad. 
D) railroad executives had committed no illegal acts in their business. 
E) railroads were interstate businesses and could not be regulated by any single state. 
A) the U.S.Constitution did not permit the government to regulate private industry. 
B) the state legislatures were acting on behalf of a private interest, Illinois farmers. 
C) the state legislatures had provided the railroad company with state regulatory exemptions when land grant legislation was enacted to help create the railroad. 
D) railroad executives had committed no illegal acts in their business. 
E) railroads were interstate businesses and could not be regulated by any single state.

Question 16

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-scabs

Accepted Answer

"Scabs" is a term used to describe worke

Question 17

What were the arguments used by "survival of the fittest" theorists like William Graham Sumner and Herbert Spencer to justify harsh business practices? Why or why not is it unfair and misleading to call their theories "Social Darwinism"?

Accepted Answer

The "survival of the fittest" theorists,

Question 18

Compare and contrast the National Labor Union, Knights of Labor, and American Federation of Labor in regard to their origins, goals, organizing strategies, and leadership. Account for the failure of the first two and for the success of the AFL. What might have made a difference in making the Knights of Labor a successful labor union in the long-term?

Accepted Answer

The National Labor Union, Knights of Lab

Question 19

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act prohibited

Accepted Answer

A) companies from signing contracts without competitive bidding. 
B) the federal government from favoring one business corporation over another. 
C) competing companies from having interlocking corporate boards of directors. 
D) private corporations or organizations from engaging in "combinations in restraint of trade." 
E) None of these choices are correct. 
A) companies from signing contracts without competitive bidding. 
B) the federal government from favoring one business corporation over another. 
C) competing companies from having interlocking corporate boards of directors. 
D) private corporations or organizations from engaging in "combinations in restraint of trade." 
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 20

The South's major attraction for potential investors was

Accepted Answer

A) readily available raw materials. 
B) a warm climate. 
C) good transportation. 
D) cheap labor. 
E) ethnic diversity. 
A) readily available raw materials. 
B) a warm climate. 
C) good transportation. 
D) cheap labor. 
E) ethnic diversity.

Exam 24: Industry Comes of Age, 1865-1900

The oil industry became a huge business

Two technological innovations that greatly expanded the industrial employment of women in the late nineteenth century were the

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -"Acres of Diamonds"

John D. Rockefeller's organizational technique of horizontal integration involved

Andrew Carnegie's system of vertical integration

To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to

The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -"survival of the fittest"

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois (1886)

During the age of industrialization, the South

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -"Pittsburgh plus" pricing

In the case of Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois, the U.S. Supreme Court held that state legislatures could not regulate railroads because

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -scabs

What were the arguments used by "survival of the fittest" theorists like William Graham Sumner and Herbert Spencer to justify harsh business practices? Why or why not is it unfair and misleading to call their theories "Social Darwinism"?

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act prohibited

The South's major attraction for potential investors was

New World Beginnings, 33,000 Bce-1769 Ce

The Planting of English America, 1500-1733

Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619-1700

American Life in the Seventeenth Century, 1607-1692

Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution, 1700-1775

The Duel for North America, 1608-1763

The Road to Revolution, 1763-1775

America Secedes From the Empire, 1775-1783

The Confederation and the Constitution, 1776-1790

Launching the New Ship of State, 1789-1800

The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic, 1800-1812

The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism, 1812-1824

The Rise of a Mass Democracy, 1824-1840

Forging the National Economy, 1790-1860

The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-1860

The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860

Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy, 1841-1848

Renewing the Sectional Struggle, 1848-1854

Drifting Toward Disunion, 1854-1861

Girding for War: the North and the South, 1861-1865

The Furnace of Civil War, 1861-1865

The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896

America Moves to the City, 1865-1900

The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution, 1865-1896

Empire and Expansion, 1890-1909

Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt, 1901-1912

Wilsonian Progressivism in Peace and War, 1913-1920

American Life in the Roaring Twenties 1920-1929

The Politics of Boom and Bust 1920-1932

The Great Depression and the New Deal 1933-1939

Franklin D Roosevelt and the Shadow of War 1933-1941

America in World War Ii 1941-1945

The Cold War Begins 1945-1952

American Zenith 1952-1963

The Stormy Sixties 1963-1973

Challenges to the Postwar Order 1973-1980

The Resurgence of Conservatism 1980-1992

America Confronts the Post-Cold War Era, 1992-2000

The American People Face a New Century, 2001-2014

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