Question 1

Gamma-rays and X-rays interact with matter, causing

Accepted Answer

A) formation of ions, but no free radicals. 
B) formation of free radicals, but no ions. 
C) nuclear transmutation reactions. 
D) formation of ions and free radicals. 
E) formation of ions and nuclear transmutation reactions. 
A) formation of ions, but no free radicals. 
B) formation of free radicals, but no ions. 
C) nuclear transmutation reactions. 
D) formation of ions and free radicals. 
E) formation of ions and nuclear transmutation reactions. D

Question 2

Which one of the following nuclei has a magic number of neutrons and/or protons?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    B

Question 3

Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    A

Question 4

Gamma rays are not deflected by an electric field.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

An alkaline earth element is radioactive. It and its daughter elements decay by emitting a total of three alpha particles in succession. In what group of the periodic table is the element resulting from the emission of the third alpha particle?

Accepted Answer

A) 4A (14) 
B) 5A (15) 
C) 6A (16) 
D) 7A (17) 
E) 8A (18) 
A) 4A (14) 
B) 5A (15) 
C) 6A (16) 
D) 7A (17) 
E) 8A (18)

Question 6

An isotope with a low value of N/Z will generally decay through

Accepted Answer

A) α decay. 
B) β decay. 
C) γ decay. 
D) electron capture. 
E) spontaneous fission. 
A) α decay. 
B) β decay. 
C) γ decay. 
D) electron capture. 
E) spontaneous fission.

Question 7

A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 × 107 β particles, each with an energy of 4.60 × 10-13 J. If the RBE = 0.78, how many millirem did the child receive?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.2 × 10 -7 
B) 5.2 × 10 -7 
C) 5.2 × 10 -4 
D) 3.2 × 10 -2 
E) None of these choices are correct. 
A) 3.2 × 10 -7 
B) 5.2 × 10 -7 
C) 5.2 × 10 -4 
D) 3.2 × 10 -2 
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 8

Which one of the following equations correctly represents positron decay of   ?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 9

The (negative) binding energy per nucleon reaches a maximum for the isotope

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be unstable?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 11

Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because

Accepted Answer

A) the child's cells are dividing more rapidly than the adult's and are, therefore, more susceptible to the radiation. 
B) the child's smaller body size makes the effective dose larger for the child than for the adult. 
C) the child's immune system is not developed well enough to resist damage. 
D) the child's skin is not as thick as an adult's and cannot block as much radiation. 
E) None of these choices are correct. 
A) the child's cells are dividing more rapidly than the adult's and are, therefore, more susceptible to the radiation. 
B) the child's smaller body size makes the effective dose larger for the child than for the adult. 
C) the child's immune system is not developed well enough to resist damage. 
D) the child's skin is not as thick as an adult's and cannot block as much radiation. 
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 12

The isotope   is unstable. This is predictable because

Accepted Answer

A) the number of neutrons is too large in relation to the number of protons. 
B) the number of neutrons is too small in relation to the number of protons. 
C) the atomic number is too large. 
D) the mass number is too large. 
E) Sc isotopes are all unstable. 
A) the number of neutrons is too large in relation to the number of protons. 
B) the number of neutrons is too small in relation to the number of protons. 
C) the atomic number is too large. 
D) the mass number is too large. 
E) Sc isotopes are all unstable.

Question 13

Gamma rays are high energy electrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Calcium-39 undergoes positron decay. Each positron carries 5.49 MeV of energy. How much energy will be emitted when 0.0025 mol of calcium-39 decays?

Accepted Answer

A) 13.2 kJ 
B) 1.32 × 10 4 kJ 
C) 1.32 × 10 6 kJ 
D) 1.32 × 10 9 kJ 
E) None of these choices are correct. 
A) 13.2 kJ 
B) 1.32 × 10 4 kJ 
C) 1.32 × 10 6 kJ 
D) 1.32 × 10 9 kJ 
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 15

The radioisotope   will decay through

Accepted Answer

A) α decay. 
B) β decay. 
C) γ decay. 
D) positron decay. 
E) electron capture. 
A) α decay. 
B) β decay. 
C) γ decay. 
D) positron decay. 
E) electron capture.

Question 16

The isotopes   are all stable, while   is radioactive. The mode of decay for   is most likely to be

Accepted Answer

A) positron decay. 
B) α decay. 
C) γ decay. 
D) electron capture. 
E) β decay. 
A) positron decay. 
B) α decay. 
C) γ decay. 
D) electron capture. 
E) β decay.

Question 17

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be unstable?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 18

The difference between the rad and the rem is

Accepted Answer

A) the rem is a rad per year. 
B) the rad takes into account the type of radiation. 
C) the rem takes into account the effect on the particular biological tissue. 
D) the rem is a rad per kilogram. 
E) None of these choices are correct. 
A) the rem is a rad per year. 
B) the rad takes into account the type of radiation. 
C) the rem takes into account the effect on the particular biological tissue. 
D) the rem is a rad per kilogram. 
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 19

A 9.52 × 10-5 mol sample of rubidium-86 emits 8.87 × 1016 β particles in one hour. What is the half-life of rubidium-86?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.23 × 10 -3 h 
B) 1.55 × 10 -3 h 
C) 448 h 
D) 645 h 
E) None of these choices are correct. 
A) 2.23 × 10 -3 h 
B) 1.55 × 10 -3 h 
C) 448 h 
D) 645 h 
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 20

Carbon-14 will emit a β particle with an energy of 0.1565 MeV. What is this energy in joules?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.0 × 10 -24 J 
B) 2.5 × 10 -20 J 
C) 1.0 × 10 -18 J 
D) 2.5 × 10 -14 J 
E) None of these choices are correct. 
A) 1.0 × 10 -24 J 
B) 2.5 × 10 -20 J 
C) 1.0 × 10 -18 J 
D) 2.5 × 10 -14 J 
E) None of these choices are correct.

Exam 24: Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Gamma-rays and X-rays interact with matter, causing

Which one of the following nuclei has a magic number of neutrons and/or protons?

Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction.

Gamma rays are not deflected by an electric field.

An alkaline earth element is radioactive. It and its daughter elements decay by emitting a total of three alpha particles in succession. In what group of the periodic table is the element resulting from the emission of the third alpha particle?

An isotope with a low value of N/Z will generally decay through

A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 × 107 β particles, each with an energy of 4.60 × 10-13 J. If the RBE = 0.78, how many millirem did the child receive?

Which one of the following equations correctly represents positron decay of ?

The (negative) binding energy per nucleon reaches a maximum for the isotope

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be unstable?

Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because

The isotope is unstable. This is predictable because

Gamma rays are high energy electrons.

Calcium-39 undergoes positron decay. Each positron carries 5.49 MeV of energy. How much energy will be emitted when 0.0025 mol of calcium-39 decays?

The radioisotope will decay through

The isotopes are all stable, while is radioactive. The mode of decay for is most likely to be

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be unstable?

The difference between the rad and the rem is

A 9.52 × 10-5 mol sample of rubidium-86 emits 8.87 × 1016 β particles in one hour. What is the half-life of rubidium-86?

Carbon-14 will emit a β particle with an energy of 0.1565 MeV. What is this energy in joules?

Keys to the Study of Chemistry: Definitions, Units, and Problem Solving

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures: Solutions and Colloids

Periodic Patterns in the Main-Group Elements

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium: the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and Reaction Direction

Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work

The Elements in Nature and Industry

Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Filters

A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 × 10⁷ β particles, each with an energy of 4.60 × 10^-¹³ J. If the RBE = 0.78, how many millirem did the child receive?

A 9.52 × 10^-⁵ mol sample of rubidium-86 emits 8.87 × 10¹⁶ β particles in one hour. What is the half-life of rubidium-86?