Question 1

The __________ process uses a boiling 30% sodium hydroxide solution to treat bauxite.

Accepted Answer

A) Bayer 
B) Hall-Heroult 
C) Dow 
D) Frasch 
E) Haber 
A) Bayer 
B) Hall-Heroult 
C) Dow 
D) Frasch 
E) Haber A

Question 2

The purpose of anodizing aluminum is to remove the oxide layer from the metal's surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Transition elements from the right side of the periodic table are generally found as

Accepted Answer

A) sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur. 
B) sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion. 
C) oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen. 
D) oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them. 
E) None of these choices are correct. 
A) sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur. 
B) sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion. 
C) oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen. 
D) oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them. 
E) None of these choices are correct. B

Question 4

What gas is produced during the Hall-Héroult process for production of aluminum?

Accepted Answer

A) Chlorine, Cl 2 
B) Oxygen, O 2 
C) Hydrogen, H 2 
D) Ammonia, NH 3 
E) Carbon dioxide, CO 2 
A) Chlorine, Cl 2 
B) Oxygen, O 2 
C) Hydrogen, H 2 
D) Ammonia, NH 3 
E) Carbon dioxide, CO 2

Question 5

Transition elements from the left side of the periodic table are generally found as

Accepted Answer

A) sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur. 
B) sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion. 
C) oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen. 
D) oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them. 
E) the uncombined elements, because they are noble metals. 
A) sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur. 
B) sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion. 
C) oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen. 
D) oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them. 
E) the uncombined elements, because they are noble metals.

Question 6

Which one of the following species or compounds reacts at the cathode in the Hall-Héroult process?

Accepted Answer

A) Al 2O 3 
B) Al(OH)3 
C) F − 
D) AlF 6 3− 
E) C 
A) Al 2O 3 
B) Al(OH)3 
C) F − 
D) AlF 6 3− 
E) C

Question 7

The Frasch process is used to

Accepted Answer

A) convert aluminum oxide to metallic aluminum. 
B) convert copper ore to copper sulfide. 
C) mine magnesium. 
D) mine elemental sulfur. 
E) produce sodium metal. 
A) convert aluminum oxide to metallic aluminum. 
B) convert copper ore to copper sulfide. 
C) mine magnesium. 
D) mine elemental sulfur. 
E) produce sodium metal.

Question 8

Alloying a metal is done to

Accepted Answer

A) make its extraction from its ore easier. 
B) convert the metal to an oxide. 
C) disguise the true identity of the metal. 
D) prepare ultrapure metal samples. 
E) enhance properties like conductivity. 
A) make its extraction from its ore easier. 
B) convert the metal to an oxide. 
C) disguise the true identity of the metal. 
D) prepare ultrapure metal samples. 
E) enhance properties like conductivity.

Question 9

The process used to produce silicon with a purity of more than 99.999999% is called

Accepted Answer

A) zone refining. 
B) electrorefining. 
C) distillation. 
D) sublimation. 
E) alloying. 
A) zone refining. 
B) electrorefining. 
C) distillation. 
D) sublimation. 
E) alloying.

Question 10

The final step of the purification of copper involves electrorefining in which copper is separated from nickel and iron by being reduced at the cathode of a cell. Why are nickel and iron not reduced?

Accepted Answer

A) Their reduction potentials are more positive than copper's. 
B) Their reduction potentials are more negative than copper's. 
C) They cannot be deposited on a copper electrode. 
D) Their reduction potentials are more negative than water's. 
E) Their reduction requires large overvoltages. 
A) Their reduction potentials are more positive than copper's. 
B) Their reduction potentials are more negative than copper's. 
C) They cannot be deposited on a copper electrode. 
D) Their reduction potentials are more negative than water's. 
E) Their reduction requires large overvoltages.

Question 11

The debris accompanying a mineral is called

Accepted Answer

A) slag. 
B) gangue. 
C) ore. 
D) halite. 
E) ash. 
A) slag. 
B) gangue. 
C) ore. 
D) halite. 
E) ash.

Question 12

Calcium oxide is added to molten iron in the production of carbon steel in order to

Accepted Answer

A) convert silicon and phosphorus oxides to slag which can be decanted from the molten steel. 
B) serve as a scrubber to remove sulfur dioxide from the gases leaving the furnace. 
C) remove any traces of acid which could weaken the steel. 
D) add a small amount of oxygen to the steel to prevent corrosion and increase its strength. 
E) create gangue. 
A) convert silicon and phosphorus oxides to slag which can be decanted from the molten steel. 
B) serve as a scrubber to remove sulfur dioxide from the gases leaving the furnace. 
C) remove any traces of acid which could weaken the steel. 
D) add a small amount of oxygen to the steel to prevent corrosion and increase its strength. 
E) create gangue.

Question 13

Which of the following general process occurs when a mineral is roasted?

Accepted Answer

A) Metal sulfide is reduced to the metal 
B) Metal oxide is reduced to the metal 
C) Metal is converted to metal oxide 
D) Metal sulfide is converted to metal oxide 
E) Metal oxide dissolves in aqueous solution 
A) Metal sulfide is reduced to the metal 
B) Metal oxide is reduced to the metal 
C) Metal is converted to metal oxide 
D) Metal sulfide is converted to metal oxide 
E) Metal oxide dissolves in aqueous solution

Question 14

In the electrolysis of water, the hydrogen gas evolved at the cathode is enriched in deuterium (hydrogen-2), compared to the more common isotope, protium (hydrogen-1).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When nitrogen undergoes atmospheric fixation, it enters the sea and land in the form of

Accepted Answer

A) NO. 
B) NO 2. 
C) NH 3. 
D) NO 3 − . 
E) NH 4 + . 
A) NO. 
B) NO 2. 
C) NH 3. 
D) NO 3 − . 
E) NH 4 + .

Question 16

The bond energy in the hydrogen molecule (H2) is greater than that of the tritium molecule (T2).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In the industrial electrolysis of aqueous NaCl (the chlor-alkali process), the modern trend is toward the use of cells incorporating polymer membranes to separate the anode and cathode solutions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The Earth's core consists mainly of

Accepted Answer

A) Ni 
B) O 
C) Al 
D) Si 
E) Fe 
A) Ni 
B) O 
C) Al 
D) Si 
E) Fe

Question 19

The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?

Accepted Answer

A) The electrolysis of aqueous solutions of the alkali metals requires more energy than electrolysis of the molten salts. 
B) The dissolved alkali earth halides are too reactive to be electrolyzed. 
C) The aqueous metal ions are more difficult to reduce than water. 
D) The reduction potentials of the alkali metals are more positive than the reduction potential of water. 
E) The aqueous metal ions react violently with water. 
A) The electrolysis of aqueous solutions of the alkali metals requires more energy than electrolysis of the molten salts. 
B) The dissolved alkali earth halides are too reactive to be electrolyzed. 
C) The aqueous metal ions are more difficult to reduce than water. 
D) The reduction potentials of the alkali metals are more positive than the reduction potential of water. 
E) The aqueous metal ions react violently with water.

Question 20

Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric, industrial, and biological processes. Which of these fixes the most nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A) Biological 
B) Atmospheric 
C) Industrial 
D) Industrial ≈ Atmospheric 
E) Industrial ≈ Biological 
A) Biological 
B) Atmospheric 
C) Industrial 
D) Industrial ≈ Atmospheric 
E) Industrial ≈ Biological

Exam 22: The Elements in Nature and Industry

The __________ process uses a boiling 30% sodium hydroxide solution to treat bauxite.

The purpose of anodizing aluminum is to remove the oxide layer from the metal's surface.

Transition elements from the right side of the periodic table are generally found as

What gas is produced during the Hall-Héroult process for production of aluminum?

Transition elements from the left side of the periodic table are generally found as

Which one of the following species or compounds reacts at the cathode in the Hall-Héroult process?

The Frasch process is used to

Alloying a metal is done to

The process used to produce silicon with a purity of more than 99.999999% is called

The final step of the purification of copper involves electrorefining in which copper is separated from nickel and iron by being reduced at the cathode of a cell. Why are nickel and iron not reduced?

The debris accompanying a mineral is called

Calcium oxide is added to molten iron in the production of carbon steel in order to

Which of the following general process occurs when a mineral is roasted?

In the electrolysis of water, the hydrogen gas evolved at the cathode is enriched in deuterium (hydrogen-2), compared to the more common isotope, protium (hydrogen-1).

When nitrogen undergoes atmospheric fixation, it enters the sea and land in the form of

The bond energy in the hydrogen molecule (H2) is greater than that of the tritium molecule (T2).

In the industrial electrolysis of aqueous NaCl (the chlor-alkali process), the modern trend is toward the use of cells incorporating polymer membranes to separate the anode and cathode solutions.

The Earth's core consists mainly of

The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?

Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric, industrial, and biological processes. Which of these fixes the most nitrogen?

Keys to the Study of Chemistry: Definitions, Units, and Problem Solving

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures: Solutions and Colloids

Periodic Patterns in the Main-Group Elements

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium: the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and Reaction Direction

Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work

Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Filters

The bond energy in the hydrogen molecule (H₂) is greater than that of the tritium molecule (T₂).