Exam 7: Innovation and Change

Fully functional change occurs when incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design. In a fully functional change, the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version.

Innovation streams are patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage.

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, _____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time.

When the first cell phone was released, only a few people could afford to buy it. Over the years, mobile manufacturers improved the phone designs and features and also reduced their cost to make them more affordable. This signaled the shift to the _____ stage of the technology cycle.

Declaring victory too soon is one of the mistakes managers often make in the refreezing stage of change.

Formal project review points used to assess progress and performance are called _____.

At which stage of organizational decline does the decline become irreversible?

It is appropriate to use a(n) _____ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of an existing technological design.

The development of the DVD player was a source of _____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been.

In terms of innovation streams, what occurred when customers purchased flat-screen computer monitors to replace the older, bulkier monitors?

Even though education and communication, participation, negotiation, top management support, and coercion can all be used to manage resistance to change, coercion should be used only in a crisis or as a last resort.

In the _____ stage of organizational decline, managers typically assume that if they just run a tighter ship, company performance will return to previous levels.

Organizational innovation is defined as "doing things differently" inside an organization.

_____ is defined as the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs.

The _____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that reducing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?

Which of the following is an aspect of the compression approach to innovation?

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical _____ pattern of innovation.

Backward compatibility is an important consideration for software users who are using an accounting program to facilitate their tax preparation and who want to use a newer version that has greater capacity. Therefore, many software manufacturers engage in _____.